With its excellent electrical and mechanical properties and the rapid development of its device fabrication technologies, laser-induced graphene (LIG) has played an important role in the field of wearable technologies since its discovery in 2014. In recent years, with the relentless development of wearable devices, newly developed LIG-based wearable devices also possess multifunction and intelligence characteristics. This review is aimed toward two of the most important fields related to the development of LIG, namely, health care and human–computer interaction (HCI). We introduce multifunctional and intelligent LIG-based wearable systems for health care and HCI developed over the recent years, sorting out their design ideas, preparation process, performance, and application. Furthermore, we discuss the future development direction of LIG-based wearable systems for health care and HCI.

Wearable sensors, specifically microneedle sensors based on electrochemical methods, have expanded extensively with recent technological advances. Today’s wearable electrochemical sensors present specific challenges: they show significant modulus disparities with skin tissue, implying possible discomfort in vivo, especially over extended wear periods or on sensitive skin areas. The sensors, primarily based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyimide (PI) substrates, might also cause pressure or unease during insertion due to the skin’s irregular deformation. To address these constraints, we developed an innovative, wearable, all-fiber-structured electrochemical sensor. Our composite sensor incorporates polyurethane (PU) fibers prepared via electrospinning as electrode substrates to achieve excellent adaptability. Electrospun PU nanofiber films with gold layers shaped via thermal evaporation are used as base electrodes with exemplary conductivity and electrochemical catalytic attributes. To achieve glucose monitoring, gold nanofibers functionalized by gold nanoflakes (AuNFs) and glucose oxidase (GOx) serve as the working electrode, while Pt nanofibers and Ag/AgCl nanofibers serve as the counter and reference electrode. The acrylamide-sodium alginate double-network hydrogel synthesized on electrospun PU fibers serves as the adhesive and substance-transferring layer between the electrodes. The all-fiber electrochemical sensor is assembled layer-by-layer to form a robust structure. Given the stretchability of PU nanofibers coupled with a high specific surface area, the manufactured porous microneedle glucose sensor exhibits enhanced stretchability, superior sensitivity at 31.94 μA (lg(mM))⁻¹ cm⁻², a broad detection range (1–30 mM), and a significantly low detection limit (1 mM, S/N = 3), as well as satisfactory biocompatibility. Therefore, the novel electrochemical microneedle design is well-suited for wearable or even implantable continuous monitoring applications, thereby showing promising significant potential within the global arena of wearable medical technology.

The development of flexible electronic technology has led to significant advancements in wearable sensors. In the past decades, wearable chemosensors have received much attention from researchers worldwide due to their high portability, flexibility, lightweight, and adaptability. It allows real-time access to the user’s physiological status at the molecular level to analyze their health status. Therefore, it can be widely used in the field of precision medicine. This review introduces the sensing mechanisms of wearable chemosensors and recent progress in wearable sweat and interstitial fluid-based chemosensors. The complexities of wearable chemosensors are not to be underestimated, as there are considerable challenges in this field. This review aims to shed light on the difficulties associated with designing wearable sweat and interstitial fluid-based chemosensors and their potential development directions.