A simple hydrothermal route is employed to synthesize pure copper indium disulfide (CIS) and CIS nanoparticles (NPs) mediated by various natural plant extracts. The plant extracts used to mediate are Azadirachta indica (neem), Ocimum sanctum (basil), Cocos nucifera (coconut), Aloe vera (aloe), and Curcuma longa (turmeric). The tetragonal unit cell structure of as-synthesized NPs is confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The analysis by energy-dispersive X-rays shows that all the samples are near-stoichiometric. The morphologies of the NPs are confirmed by high-resolution scanning and transmission modes of electron microscopy. The thermal stability of the synthesized NPs is determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The optical energy band gap is determined from the absorption spectra using Tauc’s equation. The antimicrobial activity analysis and the estimation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the samples are performed for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus pathogens. It shows that the aloe-mediated CIS NPs possess a broad inhibitory spectrum. The best inhibitory effect is observed against S. aureus, whereas the least effect was exhibited against P. vulgaris. The least MIC value is found for aloe-mediated CIS NPs (0.300 mg/mL) against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. aerogenes, along with basil-mediated NPs against E. coli. The antioxidant activity study showed that the IC₅₀ value to inhibit the scavenging activity is maximum for the control (vitamin C) and minimum for pure CIS NPs. The in vivo cytotoxicity study using brine shrimp eggs shows that the pure CIS NPs are more lethal to brine shrimp than the natural extract-mediated CIS NPs. The in vitro cytotoxicity study using the human lung carcinoma cell line (A549) shows that the IC₅₀ value of turmeric extract-mediated CIS NPs is minimum (15.62 ± 1.58 μg/mL). This observation reveals that turmeric extract-mediated CIS NPs are the most potent in terms of cytotoxicity toward the A549 cell line.

One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures, including nanofibers, nanocubes, and nanoplates of In₂S₃, In₂S_1.5Se_1.5, and In₂Se₃ semiconductors, were synthesized using a hydrothermal technique for studying their photodetector behaviour.

The current research involves the synthesis of a new Schiff base through the reaction between 2-chlorobenzaldehyde and 3,3'-dimethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine by using a natural acid catalyst and a synthesized compound physicochemically characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ¹H- and ¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Thermal studies were conducted using thermogravimetric, differential thermal analysis, and differential thermogravimetric curves. These curves were obtained in an inert nitrogen environment from ambient temperature to 1263 K using heating rates of 10, 15, and 20 K·min^-1. Using thermocurve data, model-free isoconversional techniques such as Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Friedman are used to determine kinetic parameters. These parameters include activation energy, phonon frequency factor, activation enthalpy, activation entropy, and Gibb's free energy change. All of the results have been thoroughly investigated. The molecule's anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties were also examined. To learn more about the potential of the Schiff base and how successfully it can suppress the amylase enzyme, a molecular docking experiment was also conducted. For in silico research, the Swiss Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity algorithms were used to calculate the theoretical pharmacokinetic properties, oral bioavailability, toxic effects, and biological activities of the synthesized molecule. Moreover, the cytotoxicity tests against a human lung cancer cell line (A549) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay demonstrated that the synthesized Schiff base exhibited significant anticancer properties.

Structural, electronic and optical properties of CuInS₂ single crystals.