Materials are one of the basic elements or needs for continuing human beings’ life living and they are used for structural and nonstructural, biomedical, thermal, or other applications. In many types of materials, Composite materials are used in different sectors. The increasing need for eco-friendly, low-density, and lightweight product production prompted the development of fiber-reinforced polymer composites for usage in a variety of home items and automobile parts. The automobile manufacturing sectors have recently attempted to manufacture lighter and lighter parts. Shortly, automobiles must be lighter to meet demands for lower fuel usage and fewer CO2 emissions. On the other side that textile waste is still simply thrown into a landfill in the environment resulting in and causing pollution. So, the objective of this review was to show the ability of these waste materials used as reinforcing material for composite fabrication products like car hoods, Car bumpers, and lightweight automotive parts. also, it tries to explain the roles of lightweight materials for automotive body parts and also the reduction of wastes in the textile industry by recycling and converting them into useable products, making the environment free of pollution. This waste reduction is a current world issue.

Electric Injera baking Pan are prevalent in Ethiopia but are highly inefficient, resulting in significant heat loss, high energy consumption, and increased energy bills. This research investigates improving these devices using steel powder as an additive and gypsum as an insulator. The study examines thermal conductivity, baking time, energy consumption, heat loss, and insulation effectiveness. The objectives of this research are to improve the thermal conductivity of the baking surface while ensuring even heat distribution, enhance the insulation properties of the pan to reduce heat loss, improve the safety of the user by reducing the risk of excessive heat exposure to the outer surfaces, and reduce the overall energy consumption of the Injera baking process. Temperatures were measured using an infrared thermometer, digital thermometer, and thermocouple. Four samples (A0, A1, A2, & A3) with different steel powder compositions (0 %, 15 %, 25 %, and 35 %) and a constant 75 % clay soil composition were tested. The analysis showed an average baking energy of 0.45 kWh per kg of injera (0.198 kWh per injera) and a thermal efficiency of 86.4 % when baking 4.395 kg of injera. The total heat energy loss was 1402.78 KJ (14.08 % of 10300 KJ input energy). The losses were distributed among the retained (92.17 %), the baking plate (3.95 %), the bottom enclosure (2.08 %), the side enclosure (1.04 %), and the cover lid (0.76 %).

Textile fabric wastes are the second most polluting materials in the world after plastic. This study investigated the thermal and free vibrational properties of the sandwich composites prepared from recycled fabric materials. Grey cotton fabric(C) and wool garment waste (G) reinforced a polyester matrix in a different layer arrangement (CCCC, CGCG, CGGC, GCCG, GGGG, and chopped). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dilatometry were performed to determine the thermal properties. TGA results showed similar initial weight loss for GCCG, CCCC, and CGGC (within a range of 25 °C–800°C) and for GCGC, GGGG, and chopped arrangements. All composites exhibited thermal stability up to 305°C. Between 310°C and 405°C, a gradual mass loss was observed, followed by more significant degradation above 405°C and residual mass loss observed at 655°C. Dilatometry tests reveal minimal volume change up to a heating temperature of 300°C for all durations (20 min, 40 min, and 60 min). In addition, the free-vibration analysis indicated poor energy-absorbing properties for CCCC, while CGGC sandwich composite specimen exhibited better energy-absorbing properties. Based on these results, it can be concluded that these composite materials are suitable for applications such as car hoods, which typically function below 105°C temperatures.

The use of natural fibers (NFs) in polymer composites is a modern trend aimed at developing materials with numerous benefits, including low cost, environmental friendliness, biodegradability, and high specific mechanical performance. Ethiopia is abundant in NFs such as palm trees, sisal, water hyacinth, and the newly emerging water lilies. In areas like Lake Tana, Ethiopia, water lilies, much like water hyacinths, negatively impact water surfaces by covering them and reducing their surface area. Therefore, analyzing the mechanical and physical properties of composites reinforced with these fibers is crucial for diverse structural and industrial applications, considering factors such as tensile strength, flexural strength, and hardness. In this study, a composite material consisting of a water lily–polyester resin matrix was prepared with varying matrix‐to‐fiber weight ratios (90/10 wt%, 80/20 wt%, 70/30 wt%, 60/40 wt%, 50/50 wt%, and 40/60 wt%). The experimental data revealed that the optimal mechanical properties, including maximum tensile strength, flexural strength, and hardness, were achieved with a composition of 60% matrix material and 40% reinforcing material. These chopped water lily fiber–reinforced polyester composites demonstrate promising mechanical and physical properties, making them suitable for various applications, similar to other NFs like sisal and palm. Further studies, such as thermal analysis, could enhance the understanding and utilization of these composites. The fabricated water lily composite can serve as a viable alternative material for applications in automobile interior parts, building components, and electronic packages.

Fabric scrap waste in the textile and garment industry consists of leftover or unused fabric pieces from the cutting and sewing processes. Managing fabric waste is essential for environmental sustainability and cost-effectiveness in the textile sector. Common types of fabric scrap include trim waste, cutting room scrap, and defective or off-cut pieces. Efficient scrap management reduces environmental impact, lowers costs, and enhances operational efficiency. As sustainability demands grow, industries are adopting innovative strategies to minimize waste and optimize production. This study investigates the mechanical (tensile, flexural, and impact) and thermal properties of fabric scrap-reinforced composite materials. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed to assess their thermal stability. Experimental results revealed that chopped fabric scrap composites outperformed sandwich and laminated forms in mechanical performance. The optimal composition was identified as a 40% reinforcement and 60% matrix weight ratio. According to the test results, the maximum tensile and flexural strength were obtained at chopped orientation, with values of 110 and 112 MPa, respectively. Regarding the hardness test, almost all three orientations showed similar results at the described ratio. The findings suggest that fabric scrap-reinforced polyester composites have significant potential for automotive applications, particularly in vehicle hoods, bumpers, and roofing. Moreover, this study emphasizes the role of recycled textile composites in promoting a circular economy, bridging the automotive and textile industries. By integrating waste materials into high-performance composites, this approach supports sustainability efforts through waste reduction and resource optimization, making it a viable solution for eco-friendly manufacturing.