Gallbladder carcinoma represents the most aggressive biliary tract cancer and the sixth most common gastrointestinal malignancy. The diagnosis is a challenging clinical task due to its clinical presentation, which is often non-specific, mimicking a heterogeneous group of diseases, as well as benign processes such as complicated cholecystitis, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, adenomyomatosis, porcelain gallbladder or metastasis to the gallbladder (most frequently derived from melanoma, renal cell carcinoma). Risk factors include gallstones, carcinogen exposure, porcelain gallbladder, typhoid carrier state, gallbladder polyps and abnormal pancreaticobiliary ductal junction. Typical imaging features on CT or MRI reveal three major patterns: asymmetric focal or diffuse wall-thickening of the gallbladder, a solid mass that replaces the gallbladder and invades the adjacent organs or as an intraluminal enhancement mass arising predominantly from the gallbladder fundus. The tumor can spread to the liver, the adjacent internal organs and lymph nodes. Depending on the disease stage, surgical resection is the curative treatment option in early stages and adjuvant combination chemotherapy at advanced stages. The purpose of this scientific paper is to fully illustrate and evaluate, through multimodality imaging findings (CT and MRI), different presentations and imaging scenarios of gallbladder cancer in six patients and thoroughly analyze the risk factors, patterns of spread and differential diagnosis regarding each particular case.

Single coronary artery anomaly represents a particularly rare entity, which may present with variable clinical scenarios, but in most cases remains asymptomatic. It is considered to be one of the pathological states to cause sudden death, especially in young adults [1].

Aneurysmal dilatations can affect any aortic segment and represent the result of various causes, atherosclerotic disease being the most common and frequently involved. We hereby illustrate a case of a patient with thoracic aortic aneurysm rupture due to extensive atherosclerotic disease, with multiple complex penetrating ulcerated atherosclerotic plaques located in the descending aorta. CT angiography evaluation included a comprehensive description of imaging features and extent of the thoracic aortic aneurysm, the presence of thrombus, relationship to adjacent structures and branches, associated complications. Teaching Point: Thoracic aortic aneurysm rupture due to extensive atherosclerotic disease with multiple penetrating ulcers.

Introduction: According to the literature, dental traumas have an incidence between 6% and 33.8% in school-aged children. We therefore considered this topic to be of broad interest and wanted to approach it in the most systematic and clear way possible, allowing for immediate practical applications. The purpose of the study: This article aims to bring useful information both for parents/teachers who work with children but also for the dentist who is faced with a pedodontic emergency due to dental trauma. Material and method: Publications were searched in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Wiley Online Library, Cochrane Oral Health, Embase, and Scopus. Quality assessment and bias control were performed according to the AMSTAR checklist. In cases of discordance of results, the Jadad decision algorithm was applied. Results: We present the selected data regarding the main types of injuries to primary and permanent teeth, their symptoms, consequences and therapeutic approach for the most favorable outcome. Conclusions: The prognosis of dental trauma can be optimized if both the adult who is around the child at the time of the trauma and the dentist to whom the patient with dental injury is addressed offer the child an adequate approach to the accident, based on scientific validated protocols. Rezumat: Introducere: Traumatismele dentare sunt menționate în literatură având o incidență între 6% și 33,8% la copiii de vârstă școlară . Am considerat astfel acest subiect fiind de larg interes și am dorit să-l abordăm într-un mod cât mai sistematic și clar, care să permită aplicații practice imediate. Scopul studiului: Acest articol își dorește să aducă informații utile atât pentru părinții/profesorii care lucrează cu copii dar și pentru medicul stomatolog care se confruntă cu o urgență pedodontică din cauza unui traumatism dentar. Material și metodă: Publicațiile au fost căutate în baze de date precum Pubmed, Web of Science Core Colection, Wiley Online Library, Cochrane Oral Health, Embase, Scopus. Evaluarea calității și controlul biasurilor au fost efectuate conform listei de verificare AMSTAR. În cazurile de discordanța a rezultatelor, a fost aplicat algoritmul de decizie Jadad. Rezultate: Am realizat o prezentare a datele selecționate referitoare la principalele tipuri de traumatisme ale dinților temporari și permanenți, simptomele, consecințele și atitudinea terapeutică pentru cel mai favorabil rezultat. Concluzii: Prognosticul traumatismelor dentare poate fi optimizat dacă atât adultul care se află în preajma copilului în momentul traumatismului, cât și stomatologul căruia i se adresează pacientul cu traumatism dentar oferă copilului o abordare adecvată a accidentului bazată pe protocoale validate științific.

Coronary-artery-to-pulmonary-artery fistulae represent rare vascular anomalies defined as abnormal communications between the coronary arteries and the pulmonary arterial system. Takotsubo Syndrome represents a stress-induced cardiomyopathy defined by transient regional systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, with minimal elevation of cardiac biomarkers, without angiographic evidence of obstructive coronary artery disease. We hereby richly illustrate an unusual and rare case of a female patient with Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and left-anterior-descending-coronary-artery-to-pulmonary-trunk fistula through multi-modality imaging evaluations, obtaining a detailed anatomical representation of the coronary arteries and the fistulous connection, which further guided the optimal treatment strategy. The patient was treated conservatively. The main teaching points of this case are the following: (1) The coronary fistula may represent just an incidental finding in a Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy clinical scenario. (2) The particularly rare association between left-anterior-descending-coronary-artery-to-pulmonary-trunk fistula and Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy presentation is mainly due to the stress-induced overstimulation of myocardial beta-1 receptors, accentuating the coronary steal phenomenon in the setting of the coronary fistula, manifesting as anginal pain, and also the stress-induced adrenergic drive causing the Takotsubo-like presentation with apical ballooning of the left ventricle.