In the current field of disease risk prediction research, there are many methods of using servers for centralized computing to train and infer prediction models. However, this centralized computing method increases storage space, the load on network bandwidth, and the computing pressure on the central server. In this article, we design an image preprocessing method and propose a lightweight neural network model called Linge (Lightweight Neural Network Models for the Edge). We propose a distributed intelligent edge computing technology based on the federated learning algorithm for disease risk prediction. The intelligent edge computing method we proposed for disease risk prediction directly performs prediction model training and inference at the edge without increasing storage space. It also reduces the load on network bandwidth and reduces the computing pressure on the server. The lightweight neural network model we designed has only 7.63 MB of parameters and only takes up 155.28 MB of memory. In the experiment with the Linge model compared with the EfficientNetV2 model, the accuracy and precision increased by 2%, the recall rate increased by 1%, the specificity increased by 4%, the F1 score increased by 3%, and the AUC (Area Under the Curve) value increased by 2%.

In the context of population aging, to reduce the run on public medical resources, nursing homes need to predict the health risks of the elderly periodically. However, there is no professional medical testing equipment in nursing homes. In the current disease risk prediction research, many datasets are collected by professional medical equipment. In addition, the currently researched models cannot be run directly on mobile terminals. In order to predict the health risks of the elderly without relying on professional medical testing equipment in the application scenarios of nursing homes, we use the datasets collected by non-professional medical testing equipment. Based on transfer learning and lightweight neural networks, we propose a disease risk prediction model, Diplin (disease risk prediction model based on lightweight neural network), applied to nursing homes. This model achieved 98% accuracy, 97% precision, 96% recall, 95% specificity, 97% F1 score, and 1.0 AUC (area under ROC curve) value on the validation set. The experimental results show that in the application scenario of nursing homes, the Diplin model can provide practical support for predicting the health risks of the elderly, and this model can be run directly on the tablet.

With the innovation of technologies such as sensors and artificial intelligence, some nursing homes use wearable devices to monitor the movement and physiological indicators of the elderly and provide prompts for any health risks. Nevertheless, this kind of risk warning is a decision based on a particular physiological indicator. Therefore, such decisions cannot effectively predict health risks. To achieve this goal, we propose a model Lidom (A LightGBM-based Disease Prediction Model) based on the combination of the LightGBM algorithm, InterpretML framework, and sequence confrontation network (SeqGAN). The Lidom model first solves the problem of uneven samples based on the sequence confrontation network (SeqGAN), then trains the model based on the LightGBM algorithm, uses the InterpretML framework for analysis, and finally obtains the best model. This paper uses the public dataset MIMIC-III, subject data, and the early diabetes risk prediction dataset in UCI as sample data. The experimental results show that the Lidom model has an accuracy rate of 93.46% for disease risk prediction and an accuracy rate of 99.8% for early diabetes risk prediction. The results show that the Lidom model can provide adequate support for the prediction of the health risks of the elderly.

The intensification of population aging has brought pressure on public medical care. In order to reduce this pressure, we combined the image classification method with computer vision and used audio data that is easy to collect in nursing homes. Based on MelGAN, transfer learning, and Vision Transformer, we propose an application called Risevi (A Disease Risk Prediction Model Based on Vision Transformer), a disease risk prediction model for nursing homes. We first design a sample generation method based on MelGAN, then refer to the Mel frequency cepstral coefficient and the Wav2vec2 model to design the sample feature extraction method, perform floating-point operations on the tensor of the extracted features, and then convert it into a waveform. We then design a sample feature classification method based on transfer learning and Vision Transformer. Finally, we obtain the Risevi model. In this paper, we use public datasets and subject data as sample data. The experimental results show that the Risevi model has achieved an accuracy rate of 98.5%, a precision rate of 96.38%, a recall rate of 98.17%, and an F1 score of 97.15%. The experimental results show that the Risevi model can provide practical support for reducing public medical pressure.