Fat-containing wastes that are generated as a result of industrial production of food products and are being accumulated in large quantities in wastewater and sewage treatment plants and present a serious environmental problem. Microorganisms that decompose various types of lipids may be potential candidates for creation of commercial bioformulations for fat destruction. The aim of the study was to obtain pure cultures of lipophilic bacteria from fat-containing wastes, to study their diversity and activity for the development of a biological product. As a result, 30 strains of different phylogenetic groups with lipolytic activity was obtained. The most isolated strains were represented by enterobacteria and pseudomonas members within the Gammaproteobacteria. Almost half of the isolated strains were closely related to conditionally pathogenic microorganisms such as Serratia, Klebsiella etc. Non-pathogenic strains and promising for biotechnology ones belonged to Pseudomonas citronellolis, P. nitroreducens, P. synxantha, P. extremaustralis, Bacillus subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, Brevibacillus brevis and Microvirgula sp.

Актуальность исследования. Наибольшая антропогенная нагрузка, связанная с эксплуатацией природных ресурсов в Томской области, приходится на нефтегазодобывающую промышленность. Геоэкологический анализ территории показал, что наиболее уязвимыми участками являются северные административные районы, при этом основной фактор нефтяного загрязнения почв – аварии на трубопроводах. Биоремедиация является низкозатратным и экологичным методом восстановления нарушенных территорий. Эффективный подход к биоремедиации нефтезагрязненных почв заключается в выделении аборигенных микроорганизмов-деструкторов углеводородов и создании биопрепаратов на их основе. Цель: разработать промышленный консорциум на основе аборигенных углеводородокисляющих бактерий из почв Севера Томской области и оценить его эффективность для биоремедиации нефтезагрязненных почв. Объекты и методы. Культуры аборигенных углеводородокисляющих микроорганизмов получены в селективных условиях из образца почвы Советского месторождения нефти Томской области, загрязненной сырой нефтью. Выделенные штаммы идентифицировали с использованием молекулярно-генетических методов на основе анализа последовательностей гена 16SрРНК. Изучение физиологических и биохимических свойств изолятов выполняли стандартными методами, морфологию клеток изучали микроскопически. Для оценки эффективности биопрепарата на основе выделенного штамма проводили полевые испытания на нефтезагрязненных участках. Количественный химический анализ на суммарное содержание нефтепродуктов в почве выполняли флуориметрическим методом. Результаты. В ходе исследования из нефтезагрязненных почв в Томской области выделены и охарактеризованы 3 новых штамма углеводородокисляющих бактерий, принадлежащие к родам Acinetobacter и Oleomonas. Аборигенные микроорганизмы характеризуются сниженными оптимумами температуры и рН по сравнению с типовыми штаммами. На основе выделенных микроорганизмов разработан коммерческий биопрепарат «Абориген», предназначенный для биоремедиации нефтезагрязненных почв и ветландов. Экспериментальное восстановление нефтезагрязненных почв с помощью препарата аборигенных микроорганизмов-биодеструкторов позволило значительно сократить сроки по сравнению с самостоятельным восстановлением почвенного покрова в ходе естественных процессов. Полевые испытания показали высокую эффективность деструкции нефти под действием биопрепарата – в среднем по восьми опытным участкам суммарное содержание нефтепродуктов в почве было снижено в 12,4 раз за три месяца.

The paper searches for new solutions for the development of highbush blueberry orchards (Vaccinium corymbosum L. (1753)) in Western Siberia. All species of the genus Vaccinium display special symbiotic mycorrhizal associations with root systems—ericoid mycorrhiza, which essentially enhances the formation of adventitious and lateral roots. For the first time, we obtained pure cultures of micromycetes associated with the roots of wild species of the family Ericaceae in the Tomsk region, Russia. With regard to the data of molecular genetic analysis of the ITS region sequence, we selected the BR2-1 isolate based on its morphophysiological traits, which was assigned to the genus Leptodophora. Representatives of this genus typically enter into symbiotic relationships with heathers to form ericoid mycorrhizae. We studied the effect of strain BR2-1 on the development of microclones of the highbush blueberry var. Nord blue during their in vitro adaptation and showed its beneficial effect on growth and shoot formation in young plants. Experiments performed using submerged and solid-state methods showed that the most optimal method for commercial production of BR2-1 is cultivation on grain sterilized by boiling, followed by spore washing.

Strains of micromycetes and bacteria with lipolytic activity were isolated from oil palm biomass waste. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the obtained micromycetes are closely related to Penicillium chrysogenum, P. goetzii, P. citreosulfuratum, P. citrinum, Paecilomyces lilacinus, and Aspergillus hortae. Opportunistic microorganisms prevailed among the bacterial isolates. The non-opportunistic isolate Pseudomonas sp. Z-M-7T2 exhibited lipolytic activity but did not show active utilization of palm oil. The study showed that micromycete strains related to P. chrysogenum and P. goetzii are most promising for decomposition of oil palm biomass waste.

Disposal of agro-industrial wastes is one of the major unresolved environmental problems of our time in many countries of the world, and it is associated with adverse impacts on ecosystems due to their improper storage. Composting is considered one of the most attractive ways of using a wide range of organic wastes due to its environmental safety, low cost and the possibility to obtain useful products. In addition to fresh animal and poultry litter, organic wastes such as lignin and cellulosic materials from crop production, wood processing, and others can be used in co-processing systems through microbial bioconversion to produce organic fertilisers or soil mixes. Many existing methods of controlled composting of waste are based on the use of expensive technological techniques and equipment, which significantly increases the cost of the product. Therefore, in addition to increasing the rate of composting, it is very important to simplify the process of obtaining the finished product and also reduce labour and energy costs. The aim of this study was to isolate and investigate new strains of organotrophic microorganisms, develop a microbial consortium for accelerated composting, and conduct industrial-scale trials of combined composting of animal waste (poultry manure as an example) and wood processing (conifer sawdust) under the conditions of Western Siberia. During this work, the necessity of aeration of the mixture for successful composting of waste was also investigated. Sampling of organic wastes (poultry manure, swine manure, and pine sawdust) for research purposes was carried out in January-February 2020 at the relevant enterprises of Tomsk and Tomsk district. The obtained samples of poultry and swine manure served as a source for isolation of thermophilic and thermotolerant heterotrophic microorganisms – organic matter decomposers. A total of 7 pure cultures of organotrophic bacteria were isolated from animal waste and identified by molecular methods, most of which were represented by Gram-positive spore-forming cells (see Fig. 1). The only strain that did not form spores was characterised by its ability to degrade cellulose (see Fig. 2). The bacterial strains isolated from animal waste belonged to the families Paenibacillaceae and Bacillaceae within the phylum Bacillota (see Table 1). The strains were selected for the consortium based on their ability to degrade organic matter, including complex polymers, and general physiological properties that determine the biotechnological potential for waste bioconversion. As a result, the consortium included thermophilic and thermotolerant strains of organotrophic non-pathogenic bacteria that produce hydrolytic enzymes: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PL-1, Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus PL-5, Brevibacillus brevis PM-3, and Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis PM-cell. The consortium also included a thermotolerant organotolerant strain Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis AS-GOS-2, previously isolated from activated sludge of municipal wastewater treatment plant in Tomsk. The physicochemical conditions for the application of the developed consortium are presented in Table 2. Pilot tests of the technology of joint composting of animal waste (poultry manure) and wood processing waste (coniferous sawdust) using the developed microbial consortium were conducted in October-November 2021 for about 6 weeks. Composting of raw materials was carried out in piles (dimensions 3×3×2 m, volume 18 m3 ) designated as “PB-1” – experimental pile with consortium application and use of forced aeration, “PB-2” – experimental pile with use of forced aeration, and “PB-3” – no effect control pile. All treatments were carried out with a 1:2 ratio of poultry manure to sawdust. Forced aeration of the mixtures in the experimental piles was carried out by discrete air supply at a rate of 0.35 m3 /min, starting from the first day of composting in the 12-hour mode after a 12-hour rest. Throughout the experiment, the temperature of each pile mixture was measured at 10 points at a depth of 50 cm (see Fig. 3). The obtained data on the temperature changes in the piles during composting testify to intensive biological processes in the PB-1 sample related to the development of thermophilic and thermotolerant microorganisms in the consortium. The physico-chemical and agrochemical parameters of the obtained compost were evaluated for compliance with the normative requirements for organic fertilisers based on animal waste (see Table 3). The content of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, the presence of protozoan cysts and oocysts, as well as helminth eggs and larvae were evaluated to control sanitary and hygienic indicators (see Table 4). Contrary to the control samples, the compost obtained with the participation of the microbial consortium not only complied with the norms as regards the content of organic matter and other nutrients, but was also characterised by elimination of the eimeriosis pathogen together with a reduction in the number of opportunistic microorganisms to the normative level. Thus, the combined composting of poultry manure and conifer sawdust in the ratio of 1:2, carried out for 46 days at ambient temperatures from +3℃ to -15℃, showed a positive effect of the developed consortium on the quality of the obtained compost. The developed consortium can be recommended for composting organic waste in a wide technological corridor of pH values and temperatures.