In this study, the stress-strength reliability, $R=P(Y

The aim of this study is to obtain the Bayes estimators and the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) for the unknown parameters of the Rayleigh–Weibull (RW) distribution based on progressive type-II censored samples. The approximate Bayes estimators are calculated using the idea of Lindley, Tierney–Kadane approximations, and also the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method under the squared-error loss function when the Bayes estimators are not handed in explicit forms. In this study, the approximate Bayes estimates are compared with the maximum likelihood estimates in the aspect of the estimated risks (ERs) using Monte Carlo simulation. The asymptotic confidence intervals for the unknown parameters are obtained using the MLEs of parameters. In addition, the coverage probabilities the parametric bootstrap estimates are computed. Real lifetime datasets related to bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, and leukemia are used to illustrate the empirical results belonging to the approximate Bayes estimates, the maximum likelihood estimates, and the parametric bootstrap intervals.

The aim of this study is to obtain the Bayes estimators and the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) for the unknown parameters of the Rayleigh Weibull (RW) distribution based on progres-sive type-II censored samples. The approximate Bayes estimators are calculated using the idea of Lindley and Tierney-Kadane's approximation method under the squared-error loss function when the Bayes estimators are not handed in explicit forms. In this study, the approximate Bayes esti-mates are compared with the maximum likelihood estimates in the aspect of the estimated risks (ERs) using Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, the coverage probabilities of the parametric bootstrap estimates are calculated. Real lifetime data sets belonging to the cancer types as bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, and leukemia are used to illustrate the emprical results belonging to the approximate Bayes estimates, the maximum likelihood estimates, and the parametric bootstrap intervals.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of serum zinc deficiency in children with PEM and to show the relationship between the degree of PEM and serum zinc level. Methods: Retrospective study conducted at Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition clinic, in a Selçuk University Hospital, 506 patients who aged between 1 and 18 years and diagnosed with PEM according to the Waterlow (YGB, BGA) classification were included in the study. Results: The prevalence of serum zinc deficiency in PEM patients was found to be 61.1%. The mean serum zinc levels of the patients in aged 1-5 founded significantly lower than the mean serum zinc levels of the patients in aged 5-12 and aged 12-18. There was no difference between PEM grades which calculated according to BGA and YGB criteria and serum zinc level averages. Although the relationship between the PEM grade calculated according to the BGA scale and the serum zinc level averages was not statistically significant degree, contrary to the increase in PEM grade, the mean decrease in serum zinc levels was noteworthy. Conclusion: It is important to measure serum zinc levels routinely in patients with PEM and to initiate zinc supplementation if deficiency is detected.

In this manuscript, the maximum likelihood estimators and Bayes estimators for the parameters of the modified Frechet–exponential distribution. Because the Bayes estimators cannot be obtained in closed forms, the approximate Bayes estimators are computed using the idea of Lindley’s approximation method under squared-error loss function. Then, the approximate Bayes estimates are compared with the maximum likelihood estimates in terms of mean square error and bias values using Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, real data sets belonging to COVID-19 death cases in Europe and China to are used to demonstrate the emprical results belonging to the approximate Bayes estimates, the maximum likelihood estimates.

Objective: In recent studies, the relationship between sacrum morphology and orientation and spondylolisthesis has gained importance. The present study aimed to compare the morphometry of the sacrum between patients with L5-S1 spondylolisthesis and healthy subjects on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images. Methods: In this study, abdominopelvic MDCT images of 191 individuals (age range 20-92 years; 101 males and 90 females; 56 patients diagnosed with L5-S1 spondylolisthesis and 135 healthy individuals) were retrospectively evaluated. In this study, the sacrum parameters (Intercornual distance (ICD), sacral hiatus length (LHS), anteroposterior diameter of hiatus at the apex of sacral hiatus(APCWHSA), sacral height (SH), sacral table angle (STA), sacral table index (STI), S1 superior angle (S1A), sacral slope(SS)) evaluated morphometric and morphological in healthy individuals and patients with L5-S1 spondylolisthesis. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to test the normality, which is one of the parametric test assumptions, of the data. Results: Age parameter was found statistically significant higher in the patient group (p<0.001). STA, S1A, SH, LHS and APCWHSA measurements were found to be significantly higher in the healthy group. (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=.008, p=.005, and p=.002, respectively). STI and ICD were found to be significantly higher in women in the healthy group (p=.031, p=.010), while SH parameter was found statistically significant higher in men in the healthy group (p=.007). SS was found statistically significant lower in the healthy group (p<0.001). S1A, L5-S1 spondylolisthesis was found statistically significant higher than Grade 1, Grade 2 according to the degree of slippage (p=.045). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that sacral morphology is important in the development or at least progression of spondylolisthesis.