Polygonum cuspidatum (PC) has been reported to exert a potent antihyperlipidemic effect. However, its mechanisms of action and active ingredients remain elusive and require further research. In this study, we first conducted in vivo experiments to validate that Polygonum cuspidatum extract (PCE) could ameliorate the blood lipid level in hyperlipidemia model rats. Then, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q‐Exactive MS/MS (UPLC‐QE‐MS/MS) was applied to verify its 12 main active ingredients. The pharmacophore matching model was employed to predict the target point of the active ingredient, and 27 overlapping genes were identified via database and literature mining. String online database and Cytoscape software were utilized to construct a Protein‐Protein Interaction (PPI) network, followed by function annotation analysis and pathway enrichment analysis. The results showed that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and its downstream FOXO3/ERα factors were significantly enriched. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were performed to determine the lipid content and oxidative stress (OS) indicators in OA‐induced HepG2 cells, and immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis were carried out to analyze the effects of PCE on related proteins. Our experimental results show that the mechanism of antihyperlipidemic action of PCE is related to the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and its downstream FOXO3/ERα factors, and polydatin and resveratrol are the main active ingredients in PCE that exert antihyperlipidemic effects.

Macrophomina phaseolina and Colletotrichum fructicola are notable plant pathogens, yet cases of keratitis from these fungi are rarely reported. Limited awareness of this keratitis etiology among ophthalmic professionals reduces the likelihood of accurate diagnosis and timely treatment. This report aims to improve the understanding of these rare infections in eye care. We present two cases of keratitis: one caused by M. phaseolina and another by C. fructicola , both of whom experienced a complicated treatment course. Traditional fungal exams yielded negative results, which limited disease identification and focused therapy. To determine the cause, we used metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) on clinical samples obtained from corneal scrapings. The mNGS report was received during therapy and quickly identified the pathogen. Based on this, we looked for treatment regimens for this kind of infection in previous literature, altered and implemented appropriate antifungal drug therapy, and the patient’s condition improved. We review the literature from 1970 to 2025 on M. phaseolina and Colletotrichum spp. keratitis. We identified 10 cases of M. phaseolina keratitis from four studies and 72 cases of Colletotrichum spp. keratitis, including five of C. fructicola , in 43 articles. Misdiagnosis was common due to limited clinical and microbiologic suspicion. The rise of infections by rare pathogens highlights diagnostic challenges. Traditional methods often delay accurate diagnosis, while mNGS enables rapid identification of pathogen, crucial for effective treatment and vision preservation.

Background: Upper septal fascicular ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a rare form of idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia arising from the proximal His-Purkinje system. Because near-synchronous ventricular activation can produce a relatively narrow QRS complex, this arrhythmia may closely mimic supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with aberrant conduction. Case presentation: A 25-year-old man without structural heart disease presented with recurrent palpitations for more than 4 years. ECG during tachycardia showed a regular narrow-complex tachycardia at approximately 200 beats/min with atypical right bundle-branch block-like morphology and marked right-axis deviation. Electrophysiological study initially raised suspicion for an AVNRT-like mechanism because programmed atrial stimulation demonstrated dual AV nodal physiology and intracardiac recordings showed an apparent near-simultaneous ventriculoatrial relationship. However, 6 mg intravenous adenosine did not terminate the tachycardia but unmasked atrioventricular dissociation, with the ventricular rate exceeding the atrial rate; together with subsequent Purkinje-system mapping, this supported a ventricular origin. Initial mapping identified an effective target in the distal left posterior fascicular region, where 30-W radiofrequency ablation terminated the tachycardia. The same night, incessant tachycardia recurred with a changed and narrower QRS morphology. Repeat mapping localized the final successful target to the upper septal region approximately 8 mm from the His bundle; 20-W radiofrequency ablation terminated the tachycardia without atrioventricular conduction injury. No symptomatic recurrence was reported during 12-month clinical follow-up. Conclusion: A relatively narrow or progressively narrowing QRS complex does not exclude VT. In suspected SVT with atypical features, adenosine-unmasked atrioventricular dissociation should prompt reconsideration of a ventricular mechanism, while invasive electrophysiological assessment and repeat mapping may facilitate accurate diagnosis and safe ablation, particularly when the arrhythmogenic substrate is adjacent to the His bundle.