The objective of this study was to compare the physical and optical stability of resin composite materials with different filler characteristics. Ninety-six resin composite blocks (6 mm × 6 mm × 2 mm) were prepared using four different types of resin composite, divided into four groups. Specimens from the same material were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6) and allocated for Vickers hardness (VH), water sorption, solubility (WS/SL), and staining and aging challenges tests. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences in microhardness (p = 0.0001), WS (p = 0.0001), and SL (p = 0.003) among the tested groups. Beautifil II LS recorded the highest hardness, and CharmFil^®Flow had the lowest value. Beautifil Injectable X and II LS showed negative WS, whereas the other groups had positive values. All groups showed positive SL. Repeated measures ANOVA showed significant color parameter alteration in the tested groups (p = 0.0001). All groups showed significant color shifting after one week of the staining challenge. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant color parameter (p = 0.0001) and weight (p = 0.001) alteration after the aging challenge. The optical and physical stability of resin composites may vary according to filler characteristics. Clinicians should choose the composite as per the desired outcome.

Aim The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the mean age at which permanent teeth erupt in school-going children. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study at RAK College of Dental Sciences, UAE, involved 89 children aged 6–14 years. Erupted teeth in the mouth were included. Statistical analysis, including t-tests, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis, was conducted using SPSS version 29, with a significance threshold set at p < 0.05. Results: Out of 89 children (41 girls and 48 boys) in the study, 56.17 % had normal weight, 20.22 % were overweight, 17.97 % were underweight, and 5.6 % were obese. Female children generally experienced earlier permanent tooth eruption than males. Additionally, there was an observed trend of earlier tooth eruption with increasing weight or BMI. Underweight children notably displayed a delayed mean age of tooth eruption. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a notable correlation between BMI and the mean age at which permanent teeth erupt in school-going children aged 6 to 14 years who visited our dental hospital. To establish a more precise understanding of the connection between BMI and dental development, we recommend conducting further longitudinal studies involving multiple centers. Clinical Significance: Monitoring a child's BMI is crucial for assessing dental health and planning tailored treatment for those aged 6 to 14. Understanding the BMI's connection to permanent tooth eruption timing allows dental professionals to identify trends in early or delayed development. This enables them to customize treatment strategies, promoting a precise and personalized approach for better oral health outcomes in this age group.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of a resin-based and a resin-free calcium silicate sealer and their ability to promote healing of induced periapical lesions in mature dogs’ teeth. Materials and methods: Periapical lesions were induced at 40 mandibular premolars of eight mongrel dogs. Following root canal preparation, the canals were obturated with a single cone and either TotalFill BC (n = 16) or MTA Fillapex (n = 16), while the positive control group (n = 8) remained unfilled. To ensure sealer extrusion during obturation, apical foramina were enlarged intentionally. Histological evaluations were conducted after one and four months, utilizing hematoxylin and eosin staining for inflammatory cell counts, Goldner’s trichrome stain for new bone formation, and immunohistochemistry for osteopontin (OPN) expression. ImageJ software was used for quantitative analysis, and statistical comparisons were made using the Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U with Bonferroni’s tests (p < 0.05). Results: TotalFill BC Sealer induced a significantly lower inflammatory response than MTA Fillapex (p < 0.05). A significant reduction in inflammation was observed over time. TotalFill BC Sealer exhibited a significantly higher percentage of new bone formation and significantly higher OPN expression than MTA Fillapex and the positive control (p < 0.05). At four months, TotalFill BC Sealer showed enhanced bone formation with minimal residual inflammation, whereas MTA Fillapex demonstrated moderate healing with ongoing remodeling. Conclusion: The resin-free TotalFill BC Sealer exhibited superior biocompatibility, promoted faster inflammation resolution, and stimulated more new bone formation compared to the resin-based sealer MTA Fillapex when in direct contact with periapical tissues.

To assess the procedural errors committed by undergraduate students at RAK College of Dental Sciences, during root canal treatments and the factors associated with these errors. In this cross-sectional study, 180 self-administered questionnaires were distributed, each comprising 26 questions, among 4th and 5th-year students. Participants were requested to report their endodontic mishaps based on feedback from their supervisors. The questionnaire assessed the frequency and types of procedural errors, considering patient, operator, and tooth-related factors. Data were collected tabulated and analyzed using the Chi-square test. A total of 124 root canal-treated teeth exhibiting iatrogenic errors done by students were assessed. Out of which, 53% were performed by 5th-year students, and 69% were conducted by female operators. About 62% of errors occurred in the upper teeth and 68% in the posterior teeth. The most prevalent errors during the rubber dam isolation step were soft tissue trauma (21%) and isolation leakage (20%), significantly associated with limited mouth opening, excessive salivation, and tooth malalignment (p < 0.05). Apical blockage (15%) emerged as the most frequent error during instrumentation phase, showing a significant association with canal dimension and curvature (p < 0.05). For access cavity and obturation phases, under-extended cavity (9%), and under-extended filling (11%) were the most reported errors, respectively. Tooth isolation emerges as a particularly challenging aspect for dental students, particularly when dealing with patients exhibiting limited mouth opening and excessive salivation. Clinical instructors should caution the undergraduates about the heightened risk of endodontic procedural errors when dealing with patients exhibiting limited mouth opening, excessive salivation, tooth misalignment, and narrow canals. Addressing these challenges is crucial for enhancing the proficiency of undergraduate students in performing successful root canal treatments. How to cite this article: Elsayed MA, Islam MS, Saleh DR, et al. Endodontic Procedural Errors and Associated Factors among Undergraduate Dental Students: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023;24(12):998-1007.

Background/Objectives: Fluoride ion plays a crucial role in protecting teeth against caries by re-mineralizing the caries lesion. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the fluoride release and recharge of restorative dental materials and their correlation with mass stability. Methods: For this study, 5 × 5 × 2 mm blocks were prepared from GIC, RMGI L, GIOMER, Resin Composite, and RMGI R using a customized silicone index. The amount of fluoride released from each material was quantified using a fluoride electrode at 0 h, 1 day, 3 days, 1-week, and 2-week periods. The fluoride recharge of each material was calculated by quantifying the amount of fluoride uptake from high concentration fluoride solution over a period of 1-week. The mass stability of the materials was measured be quantifying the weight loss/weight gain during fluoride release and recharge phase. The correlation of fluoride release/recharge with weight loss/gain were analyzed using Pearson correlation. Results: One-way ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference in the amount of fluoride released from each group (p < 0.05). The maximum amount of fluoride release was observed on the 3rd day in all the groups except the GIC group, which showed an ascending concentration of fluoride release till 2 weeks. One-way ANOVA showed statistically significant differences in weight loss/gain among the rested group (p < 0.05). GIC showed the highest amount of weight loss and weight gain among the tested materials. Conclusions: The GIC material has the highest fluoride release and RMGI L has the highest fluoride recharge capability. The conventional GIC showed the least mass stability during fluoride release/recharge.