The aquaculture production sector is one of the suppliers of global food consumption needs. Countries that have a large amount of water contribute to the needs of aquaculture production, especially the freshwater fisheries sector. Indonesia is a country that has a large number of large bodies of water and is the top-five producer of aquaculture production. Technology and engineering continue to be developed to improve the quality and quantity of aquaculture production. One aspect that can be observed is how the condition of fish pond water is healthy and supports fish growth. Various studies have been conducted related to the aquaculture monitoring system, but the problem is how effective it is in terms of accuracy of the resulting output, implementation, and costs. In this research, data fusion (DF) and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) were implemented in an aquaculture monitoring system with temperature, turbidity, and pH parameters to produce valid and accurate output. The stage begins with testing sensor accuracy as part of sensor quality validation, then integrating sensors with wireless sensor networks (WSNs) so they can be accessed in real time. The implemented DF is divided into three layers: first, the signal layer consists of WSNs and their components. Second, the feature layer consists of DRL combined with deep learning (DL). Third, the decision layer determines the output of the condition of the fish pond in “normal” or “not normal” conditions. The analysis and testing of this system look at several factors, i.e., (1) the accuracy of the performance of the sensors used; (2) the performance of the models implemented; (3) the comparison of DF-DRL-based systems with rule-based algorithm systems; and (4) the cost effectiveness compared to labor costs. Of these four factors, the DF-DRL-based aquaculture monitoring system has a higher percentage value and is a low-cost alternative for an accurate aquaculture monitoring system.

Monitoring the health of the elderly using wearable sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) devices necessitates the collection of data from various sources, thereby increasing the volume of data to be gathered at the monitoring center. As previously elucidated, the system exhibits high accuracy in measuring variables such as blood oxygen saturation (BOS) and heart rate (HR), as well as demonstrating proficient accuracy in implementing fuzzy rules to detect the “stable” or “unstable” condition of elderly patients. Therefore, by integrating wearable sensors and IoT devices into the elderly health monitoring system, we can enhance the quality of monitoring and provide more timely healthcare solutions tailored to the elderly population’s needs. The integration of fuzzy rules and IoT technology into the elderly health monitoring system offers an efficient and effective solution for continuous health surveillance. In this research, we integrated fuzzy rules and IoT technology into the elderly health monitoring system using parameters such as BOS and HR, through the integration of MAX30100 sensors and ESP32 microprocessors. The implementation of fuzzy rules resulted in nine rules indicating whether an elderly patient is in a “stable” or “unstable” condition. The methodology involved (1) component preparation, (2) device accuracy analysis, (3) fuzzy rule development, (4) Android-based mobile application development, (5) fuzzy rule accuracy analysis, and (6) cost analysis. Experimental results indicated a device accuracy of 98.89% in measuring BOS and HR variables compared to medical devices and a fuzzy rule accuracy of 96% in detecting whether the patient’s condition is “stable” or “unstable.” Based on the experimental findings, the elderly health monitoring system provides a user-friendly, precise, and cost-effective solution to enhance the quality of life for the elderly population.

Background and Aims: The increasing elderly population presents significant challenges for healthcare systems, necessitating innovative solutions for continuous health monitoring. This study develops and validates an IoT‐based elderly monitoring system designed to enhance the quality of life for elderly people. The system features a robust Android‐based user interface integrated with the Firebase cloud platform, ensuring real‐time data collection and analysis. In addition, a supervised machine learning technology is implemented to conduct prediction task of the observed user whether in “stable” or “not stable” condition based on real‐time parameter.Methods: The system architecture adopts the IoT layer including physical layer, network layer, and application layer. Device validation is conducted by involving six participants to measure the real‐time data of heart‐rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature, then analysed by mean average percentage error (MAPE) to define error rate. A comparative experiment is conducted to define the optimal supervised machine learning model to be deployed into the system by analysing evaluation metrics. Meanwhile, the user satisfaction aspect evaluated by the terms of usability, comfort, security, and effectiveness.Results: IoT‐based elderly health monitoring system has been constructed with a MAPE of 0.90% across the parameters: heart‐rate (1.68%), oxygen saturation (0.57%), and body temperature (0.44%). In machine learning experiment indicates XGBoost model has the optimal performance based on the evaluation metrics of accuracy and F1 score which generates 0.973 and 0.970, respectively. In user satisfaction aspect based on usability, comfort, security, and effectiveness achieving a high rating of 86.55%.Conclusion: This system offers practical applications for both elderly users and caregivers, enabling real‐time monitoring of health conditions. Future enhancements may include integration with artificial intelligence technologies such as machine learning and deep learning to predict health conditions from data patterns, further improving the system's capabilities and effectiveness in elderly care.

The world’s food needs have an impact on innovation in the field of agriculture, and one of them is by implementing deep reinforcement learning (DRL) technology, which is very relevant to the Industrial Revolution 4.0. This research discusses important issues and developments in DRLs that are implemented, especially in the field of IoT-based agriculture. The research method uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach through searching and analysing raw data sources, sorting and selecting relevant data relevant to the topics discussed, discussing topic areas and how trends are in current conditions, and concluding. The purpose of this study is to see how the current state of DRL implementation in agricultural IoT-based. The limitations of the study are that (1) the data sources come from Scopus-indexed journals; (2) the journal period is 2021–2023; (3) the research approach uses SLR; and (4) the focus of the discussion includes the implementation of DRL in agricultural IoT-based systems, the development of DRL technology, and the use of tools in DRL.