The rapid development of quantum computing devices promises powerful machines with the potential to confront a variety of problems that conventional computers cannot. Therefore, quantum computers generate new threats at unprecedented speed and scale and specifically pose an enormous threat to encryption. Lattice-based cryptography is regarded as the rival to a quantum computer attack and the future of post-quantum cryptography. So, cryptographic protocols based on lattices have a variety of benefits, such as security, efficiency, lower energy consumption, and speed. In this work, we study the most well-known lattice-based cryptosystems while a systematic evaluation and comparison is also presented.

The swift advancement of quantum computing devices holds the potential to create robust machines that can tackle an extensive array of issues beyond the scope of conventional computers. Consequently, quantum computing machines create new risks at a velocity and scale never seen before, especially with regard to encryption. Lattice-based cryptography is regarded as post-quantum cryptography’s future and a competitor to a quantum computer attack. Thus, there are several advantages to lattice-based cryptographic protocols, including security, effectiveness, reduced energy usage and speed. In this work, we study the learning with errors (LWE) problem and the cryptosystems that are based on the LWE problem and, in addition, we present a new efficient variant of LWE cryptographic scheme.

The last decade, the evolution in quantum computing has been enormous and real and reliable quantum computers are being developed quickly. One of the consequences of the upcoming quantum era is to make key distribution protocols insecure, as most of them are based on discrete algorithm problems. On the other hand, quantum computing provides a powerful and prominent tool for the safe transmission of information and cryptographic schemes and many of them have already been proposed. In this work, we discuss about quantum cryptography and we present certain quantum key distribution protocols. We also discuss about ‘potential attacks that can be performed against the quantum cryptographic schemes which are based on quantum system’s imperfections and loopholes.

The rapid development of quantum computing devices promises powerful machines with capabilities that solve a wide range of problems that traditional computers cannot. Therefore, quantum computers generate new threats at unprecedented speed and scale and specifically pose an enormous threat to encryption. Lattice-based cryptography is considered to be the rival to a quantum computer attack and the future of post-quantum cryptography. So, cryptographic protocols based on lattices have a variety of benefits, like security, efficiency, lower energy consumption, and speed. In this work, we study the most well-known lattice-based cryptosystems while a systematic evaluation and comparison is presented also, and focuses on their strengths and weaknesses.

Quantum mechanics is a fundamental, axiom-based physical theory that describes and explains phenomena that Classical Mechanics and Electrodynamics are unable to describe. It is considered a cross disciplinary STEM field, advancing the philosophy of Quantum Literacy (QL), which focuses on nature’s real complex problems. QL addresses the challenges of computing skills acquisition, through problem-based activities to offer powerful knowledge to a wide group of learners. Therefore, quantum technology knowledge should be accessible to students and teachers, in a more interactive way. In this paper, we propose contemporary and Problem based scenarios, in which students may acquire stronger mathematical, computational and modelling skills, working as real researchers. Thus, they acquire all necessary knowledge related to quantum principles, such as superposition, teleportation, entanglement, quantum gates and quantum information. The serious games we propose, relate to strategic games, within the computational thinking 2.0 framework. Certain Python libraries and packages are used and the didactic approach is based on game-based inquiry learning.