Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common vestibular disorder characterized by brief episodes of vertigo triggered by specific head movements. Despite its short duration, BPPV significantly impacts the quality of life. A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, was performed to gather peer-reviewed articles, clinical trials, and review articles published between 2014 and 2024. Keywords used in the search included "benign paroxysmal positional vertigo," "BPPV," "vestibular disorders," "quality of life," "diagnosis," and "treatment." Eleven articles were included in the systematic review. Tools such as the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) are reported to assess the impact of BPPV on quality of life. This review includes 11 articles focusing on quality of life outcomes in BPPV patients. This systematic review explores the various dimensions of quality of life affected by BPPV and the tools used to evaluate these effects. BPPV can lead to physical limitations, such as difficulty in performing daily activities, and psychological effects, including anxiety, depression, and emotional distress. Socially, BPPV can cause social withdrawal and isolation due to the fear of experiencing vertigo in public. Occupationally, BPPV can interfere with job-related tasks. Future research should focus on developing personalized treatment approaches and patient-reported outcome measures specific to BPPV. A comprehensive approach to BPPV management is essential for improving the quality of life of affected individuals.

Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a chronic and disabling disorder characterized by persistent dizziness, unsteadiness, and imbalance. It often arises without an identifiable cause and is exacerbated by upright posture, active or passive movement, and exposure to moving or complex visual stimuli. This complex pathophysiology and the psychological dimensions of its symptomatology pose a significant challenge to clinicians. PPPD presents diagnostic challenges and a lack of standardized treatment options, underscoring the need for multidisciplinary approaches encompassing pharmacotherapy, vestibular rehabilitation, and psychological interventions for effective management. Bridging the gaps in understanding PPPD requires collaborative efforts across disciplines, emphasizing integrated research approaches and patient support networks to enhance care and improve outcomes. This review explores the challenges, controversies, and clinical complexities of PPPD, highlighting the importance of a patient-centered approach.

Introducción: Los estrógenos son hormonas ligadas a las diferentes fases del sistema reproductivo femenino y también tiene efectos simultáneos sobre el sistema vestibular. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura acerca de los cambios estrogénicos en el sistema vestibular, según cada etapa del desarrollo madurativo femenino. Materiales: búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane, Scielo, Google Scholar y Bvsalud de artículos publicados entre los años 1964 y 2020 con los términos ‘estrogen and dizziness’, ‘estrogen and vertigo’, ‘estrogen and vestibular disorders’. Se encontraron 207 artículos, 29 en idioma inglés los cuales contenían información relevante, acerca de los cambios estrogénicos en el sistema vestibular. Resultados: Desde la menarca hasta la menopausia, se han encontrado manifestaciones relacionadas con el oído interno tales como vértigo, acúfenos, plenitud aural e hipoacusia. Conclusiones: De acuerdo con cada etapa madurativa estrogénica, se han reportado cambios a nivel del sistema audiovestibular. Palabras claves: estrógeno; vértigo; acúfeno; hipoacusia

Vestibular migraine (VM) is one of the most common types of episodic vertigo. Over the last 11 years, this disorder has been studied by both neurologists and otolaryngologists. Based on the clinical symptoms and previous migraine history, the Barany Society and the International Classification of Headache Disorders have created the diagnostic criteria for VM. Unilateral and pulsatile headache, phonophobia, photophobia, auras, and a previous history of migraine have been included in these criteria. Although these symptoms are common and widely known, other symptoms not included in the Barany Society criteria are emerging and have been described in some clinical studies. These emerging criteria include audio-vestibular symptoms such as hearing loss, ear fullness, and tinnitus. Ringing ears could be associated with other vestibular disorders such as superior canal dehiscence and Ménière’s disease, but not in VM. The frequency, pathophysiological contributors, and clinical characteristics of this symptom in individuals with VM will be explored in this review.

Objectives Conventional reporting of postoperative hearing outcomes utilizes a pure-tone averaged air-bone gap (ABG) that is biased toward low frequencies. Consequently, a high-frequency ABG after otologic surgery may go unnoticed. In this study, we evaluate changes in low- and high-frequency ABG following ossiculoplasty. Study design Retrospective review. Subjects and setting Consecutive series of patients who underwent ossiculoplasty at a single tertiary care center. Patients with pre- and postoperative audiograms were included. Methods Low-frequency ABG was calculated as the mean ABG at 250, 500, and 1000 Hz. High-frequency ABG was calculated at 4 kHz. Pre- and postoperative ABGs were compared. Results Thirty-seven consecutive patients were included. Mean age at surgery was 38 years (range, 7-77 years). Reconstruction materials included: cartilage (N = 4), hydroxyapatite cement (N = 5), and partial or total ossicular replacement prostheses (N = 20 and N = 8, respectively). Postoperatively, the mean low-frequency ABG improved by 11.9 +/- 15.1 dB (P < .0001) and the mean high-frequency ABG improved by 5.9 +/- 16.0 dB (P= .030). Low-frequency ABG closure was significantly larger than high-frequency ABG closure (P= .007). Mean postoperative persistent high-frequency ABG was 22.0 +/- 13.8 dB. Conclusion In this series, ossiculoplasty improved ABG across all frequencies, but greater improvements were observed at low frequencies when compared to high frequency. Current reporting standards may not identify persistent high-frequency ABG. Additional study of the mechanisms of high-frequency sound conduction in reconstructed middle ears is needed to improve high-frequency hearing outcomes in ossiculoplasty. Level of evidence Level 4.