Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field of science and technology that deals with the development of new solutions by understanding and controlling matter at the nanoscale. Since the last decade, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) have gained tremendous attention because of their unique characteristics and diverse applications in materials sciences and because they are non-toxic and relatively cheaply available materials. MgO-NPs can improve plant growth and contribute to plant tolerance of heavy metal toxicity. The effects of MgO-NPs on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) plants were surveyed under in vitro conditions to find the optimum combination for cowpea tissue culture. The MgO-NPs used in the study were synthesized using walnut shell extract by the green synthesis method. MgO nanoparticles with 35–40 nm size was used in this research. When the size distribution of the MgO-NPs’ structure was examined, two peaks with 37.8 nm and 78.8 nm dimensions were obtained. The zeta potential of MgO-NPs dispersed in water was measured around −13.3 mV on average. The results showed that different doses of MgO-NPs applied to cowpea plant on all in vitro parameters significantly affected all measured parameters of cowpea plantlets under in vitro condition in a positive way. The best results in morphogenesis were MS medium supplemented with high MgO-NP applications (555 mg/L), resulting in a 25% increase in callus formation. The addition of Mg-NPs in the induction medium at concentrations at 370 mg/L increased shoot multiplication. The highest root length with 1.575 cm was obtained in MS medium containing 370 mg/L MgO. This study found that MgO-NPs greatly influenced the plantlets’ growth parameters and other measured traits; in addition, our results indicate that the efficiency of tissue culture of cowpea could be improved by increased application of MgO in the form of nanoparticles. In conclusion, the present work highlights the possibility of using MgO-NPs in cowpea tissue culture.

Tarımsal üretimde verimi etkileyen en önemli hususlardan biri stres faktörleridir. Bufaktörlerden özellikle tuz stresi; yağışsız ve yarı yağışlı yerlerde verimi oldukça sınırlamaktadır. Baklagilbitkisi olan börülce, insan beslenmesi yanında hayvan yemi olarak da kullanıldığı için önemlidir. Buçalışmada yemlik olarak kullanılan Ülkem yem börülcesi çeşidine farklı NaCl konsantrasyonlarıuygulanmış ve deneme Tesadüf Parselleri Deneme planına göre 10 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür.Sonuçta farklı parametreler bakımından değerlendirilerek tuzluluğa toleransı belirlenmeye çalışılmış vetuz stresinin çimlenme ve fide gelişimini azalttığı ve 90 mM’ın üzerindeki tuzun bitki üzerinde olumsuzetki gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.

This study was carried out to determine the effect of different doses of MgO nanoparticles (MgO-NP's) on in vitro regeneration of cowpea. MgO NPs used in the study were synthesized using walnut shell extract by green synthesis method. MgO nanoparticles with 35-40 nm size were used in this research. In the study, the effect of different doses of MgO NP applied to cowpea plant on all in vitro parameters was found to be significant. Considering the parameters examined, the best results in morphogenesis were 185 mg/L, 370 mg/L and 555 mg/L MgO-NPs applications, the highest shoot formation rate was obtained 82.50% with 555 mg/L(MgO-NPs) and 72.50% with 370 mg/L (MgO-NPs). The highest mean values of shoot number, shoot number per explant and shoot length were observed in the application of 370 mg/L MgO-NPs with 61.25, 17.50, and 2.075 (unit) respectively. The best root formation rate was obtained from control and 370 mg/L MgO application at a rate of 27.50%. The highest values were 6.75 (pieces) and 370 mg/L MgO-NPs in the number of roots per explant, 555 mg/L MgO-NPs with 10% in callus formation, and 1.575 (cm) and 370 mg/L MgO-NPs in root length. When all the examined parameters were evaluated, it was determined that the application of 370 mg/L MgO-NPs gave the best results in terms of in vitro parameters.

Mankind caused a lot of harm to their environment unintentionally during agriculture. Thus nowadays production techniques that are compatible with nature, making the right use of the resources, targeting sustainable development, looking after animal welfare are beginning to spread throughout the world. Especially organic agriculture among those techniques gained a seat as it depends on customer preference. Organic agriculture that has the following five fundamental features: compatibility to nature, self sufficiency, sustainability, welfare, traceability began with the production of dried grape, dried figs, dried apricots and nuts in our country during the 1980s with the contractual agriculture system intending to export. During the following years, hardshell and dried fruits, frozen fruits and vegetables, fresh fruits and vegetables, spices and legumes followed the previous ones in export. Also, production and exportation of rose water, rose oil, olive oil, cotton and textile products increased considerably. In our country where there is a wide variety of products for organic agriculture, in eastern black sea region tea and nuts are the most cultivated products. Organic agriculture is carried out in every province of the region, the contribution of provinces in percentage as follows: Rize 42%, Ordu 25%, Artvin 13%, Trabzon 10%, Gumushane and Giresun 5%. Organic stock raising is done only in Gumushane and Ordu. Gümüşhane has the most promising potential for organic stock raising.