EL FENÓMENO DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO EN LA PERCEPCIÓN DE LA COMUNIDAD INDÍGENA PURÉPECHA DEL MUNICIPIO DE CHILCHOTA, MICHOACÁN, MÉXICO

The integrity of rivers is affected by anthropogenic activities at different spatial scales, from basin and landscape levels to the direct effects on the river and aquatic life. Our objective was to study these effects on the subtropical La Pasión River, analyzing environmental, geomorphological, habitat and water quality, and macroinvertebrates. We sampled the dry season (March 2022) because the river presented stable conditions. We selected the most influential variables in each spatial scale and determined their relationship with the indexes of quality characteristics and aquatic life in the river using multivariate statistics. Most sites (≈65%) had medium water and suboptimal habitat quality status, meanwhile half the sites had regular biotic integrity status; without finding coincidence in the quality of the different indexes applied, all sites indicated a high gradient of degradation from the origin to the mouth of the river. The presence of some families (e.g., Culicidae, Chironomidae, Lumbriculidae) indicated organic matter contamination. The main variables that significantly classified the river quality and integrity structure were water flow, turbidity, habitat embeddedness, and sulfates (χ2 = 0.1145, p < 0.01). It is concluded that the affected sites received wastewater without prior treatment and presented physical barriers such as irrigation channels.

Landscape units are conceived as a part of the territory that share similar physical and geographic characteristics. Their delineation can contribute to identify the physical and social dynamics that emerge in the spatial environment and to propose strategies of planning and management of the territory. The main objective was to make a historical delineation of landscape units in the Duero river basin that demonstrate the dynamics of changes in the territory, the description of the actors involved, and the affectations in the natural and social environment. We analyzed the vegetation change and urban growth from 1983 to 2014, incorporating climatic, edaphic, and topographic variables. A Principal Component Analysis was performed with the information and results were used in Maximum Likelihood procedure to define different clusters based on environmental characteristics. We defined five categories from the Landsat images. Results showed landscape units with homogeneous environmental characteristics and some differences in the units’ delineation were mainly influenced by political and socioeconomic factors. Temporally there was an increased tendency of landscape units, three in 1983, nine in 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2011, and eight in 2014. This increase resulted from territory fragmentation because of berries and avocado cultivars expansion over wooded area.

An innovation project’s key features for meaningful information and communication technologies (ICT) integration into multigrade classrooms of non-internet access and deprived rural communities are explored. Although the project implementation achievement differed in each school, the article focuses on the concurrent conditions that enabled ICT integration in some cases. The research evidence stems from open structured interviews in six multigrade primary schools and two regional workshops, and one selected lesson’s focused ethnography. Considering a wide-ranging ICT integration impediment review, it stands out the value of the Project’s lesson planning model that, in turn, has features suited to traditional student autonomy rooted in Mexican rural schools. The conclusion is that the synergy occurred amongst a minimum of equipment and digital resources, a planning model highlighting academic subject links, learning activities based on multi-modal resources, and the tradition of student autonomy. Even though the Project’s digital technologies are not cutting-edge, their innovative adaptation to multigrade schools in deprived communities is a pressing necessity in many countries.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los elementos del arreglo tecnológico y social que influyen en la persistencia de la forma de vida campesina en la región de Los Llanos, Durango. El método empleado fue la Teoría Fundamentada y como técnica la entrevista a profundidad con 21 agricultores en ocho comunidades. Resultaron dos categorías clave dentro del arreglo social y una dentro del tecnológico. Se concluye que los limitantes son las condiciones ambientales regionales, la política agraria, la falta de organización productiva y el rendimiento económico. Asimismo la persistencia es favorecida por el patrimonio agrícola y la identidad colectiva.