This study aimed to develop and verify a simple HPLC-based quantitative approach to simultaneously determine the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) sildenafil, vardenafil, udenafil, avanafil, and tadalafil in a tablet dosage form mixed with honey obtained form Jordanian market in rat plasma. PDE5Is block phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5). This blockage, in turn, triggers vasodilation by phosphorylating downstream effector molecules. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Hypersil^TM C₁₈ column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm, Thermo Fisher Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). An acetonitrile:10% Triethylamine solution (57:43) at pH 5.5 (adjusted with orthophosphoric acid), 20 µL injection volume, 1 mL/min flow rate, 25 °C temperature, and eluent monitoring at 250 nm was used to execute the current approach. Linearity was observed in the 9.6–14.4 µg/mL concentration ranges for sildenafil, udenafil, avanafil, and tadalafil, and 2.4–3.6 µg/mL for vardenafil. Each dosage form was recovered within acceptable limits at three distinct concentrations, and the assay selectivity indicated no interference from the inactive substances in the formulation. Sildenafil, vardenafil, udenafil, avanafil, and tadalafil had retention times of 3.5, 4.3, 6.2, 9.7, and 12.8 min, respectively, and tadalafil was 12.8 min. The present analytical method is comprehensive and universal for measuring the five drugs. Such an analytical method can be routinely used to detect the combination of these drugs.

An HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of butamyrate citrate. The HPLC separation was achieved on a diol column (300 × 4.6 mm) packed with 5.0 μm particle size using a mobile phase of ammonium acetate buffer (pH = 6.5) and methanol (750:250, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.4 ml min⁻¹. The UV detector was operated at 225 nm. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness. The retention time was 5.9 min. The proposed method provided linear responses within the concentration range 75–225 μg ml⁻¹ with LOD and LOQ values of 0.69 and 2.29 μg ml⁻¹, respectively. Correlation coefficient (r) of the regression equation was 0.9999. The method was found to be precise, accurate, and reproducible.

This study investigates the levels of iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in five varieties of edible vegetable oils (Olive, Corn, Palm, Soybean and Sunflower oil) available in the Jordanian market. The analysis uses inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Our findings indicate that the Fe, Cu and Pb levels in all oil samples (Fe concentrations were < 9 ppb, Cu < 2 ppb and Pb < 9 ppb) are well below the safety thresholds set by the FAO and WHO, suggesting that they can be consumed without any concern. This study confirms the effectiveness of ICP-OES for precise heavy metal detection in complex food matrices. The findings have significant implications for food safety and public health, especially regarding environmental contamination and its effects on food quality.

Growing concerns about the environmental and health risks of traditional chemical nanoparticle synthesis have increased interest in greener alternatives. Natural materials like honey offer a sustainable, non-toxic method by leveraging their reducing and stabilizing properties. This study develops an eco-friendly synthesis of magnetite (Fe ₃ O ₄ ) nanoparticles using Jordanian honey and tests their ability to remove arsenic (As(III)) and lead (Pb ²⁺ ) from contaminated water. Magnetite was produced via co-precipitation of ferric and ferrous chlorides in a 2:1 molar ratio. Honey was added as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent under nitrogen. The nanoparticles were magnetically separated, purified, and characterized x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examined their shape and size, while Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis measured the specific surface area. Zeta potential measurements evaluated particle size and charge. Batch adsorption tests showed the nanoparticles’ effectiveness, with kinetic data fitting common models. Characterization confirmed pure magnetite formation, spherical particles of 54 nm, and a specific surface area of 64 m ² g ⁻¹ . Zeta potential was +23.17 mV, indicating stability and enhanced adsorption. The nanoparticles achieved complete arsenic removal and 98% lead removal. Kinetic modeling identified chemisorption as the main mechanism. This study demonstrates Jordanian honey as an eco-friendly reagent for producing high-purity, magnetically recoverable Fe ₃ O ₄ nanoparticles with high adsorption capacity and stability, making them ideal for sustainable wastewater treatment.