There are distinct differences among the regional economic and transportation aspects of the three regions of China (eastern, middle and western). This paper investigates differences between the indexes of GDP, GDP per capita, freight turnover, and the Average Density of Transport Line (ADTL) from 1996 to 2007. Indexes in eastern China were found to be significantly higher than those in the middle and west. Moreover, the coefficients of differences in ADTL were estimated among the three regions, and their developing trends were explored by employing the R/S analysis method within fractal theory. The result indicates that the differences in transportation development would decrease from 2008 to 2019 among the three economical regions, but would increase gradually from 2015 to 2019.