Educational transformation in the 21st century demands in-depth knowledge and understanding in order to promote the development of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). However, the most commonly reported problem with respect to developing a knowledge of chemistry is poor mastery of basic concepts. Chemistry laboratory educational activities are shown to be less effective in developing an optimum conceptual understanding and HOTS among students. One factor is a lack of effective assessment and evaluation tools. Therefore, the primary focus of this study is to explore concept maps as an assessment tool in order to move students' thinking skills to a higher level during laboratory learning activities. An embedded mixed method design is used in this study, which has also employed a pre-experimental research design. This design triangulates quantitative and qualitative data, which are combined to strengthen the findings. A low-directed concept mapping technique, convergence scoring method, and pre-post laboratory concept map were used in this study. An electrolysis HOTS test was used as the research instrument in order to measure the level of student achievement with respect to high-level questions. In addition, the thought process that is involved when students construct concept maps has been explored and studied in detail by utilising a think-aloud protocol. Results showed a positive development towards understanding and higher level thinking skills in students with respect to electrolysis concepts learned through chemistry laboratory activities. An investigation of the students' thinking processes showed that high-achieving students were more capable of giving a content-based explanation of electrolysis and engaged in monitoring activities more often while building a concept map. Nonetheless, all categories of students managed to show a positive increase in the activities of explanation and monitoring during the construction of concept maps after they were exposed to the assessment tool in the laboratory learning activities. In conclusion, the assessment activity using concept maps in laboratory learning activities has a positive impact on students' understanding and stimulates students to increase their HOTS.

Concept cartoon teaching strategy have the potential to increase creativity and innovation as well as the students' interest in understanding concepts. It is considered as a method that encourages students to continue exploring the issues raised and seeking solutions. This concept cartoon lesson is very suitable to be applied in the field of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics which is often regarded as an abstract and difficult field. Therefore, it is becoming a necessity to see how far the cartoon concept in learning has been implemented in schools. This systematic literature review analysis aims to focus on the similarities and differences such as the objective used, the methodology used and the findings of the study. The study article was selected through a database of various types of journals according to keywords. Keywords used in the search are Concept Cartoon AND comic AND Problem-based learning. The search has been limited between 2009 and 2017. A total of 9 studies have been selected to be analyzed based on the four steps in systematic literature review. The four steps included frame a question, run a search, read the abstract and tittle of individual papers and abstract information from selected set of final articles. The results of the systematic literature review analysis can be concluded on recent research and previous research that cartoon concept teaching strategy is very effective in enhancing creative thinking as well as cultivating students' interest in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics.

This study aimed to identify the specifications for developing a problem-based learning e-module for chemical equilibria to increase students’ higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). A qualitative approach with a semi-structured interview involving eight participants from form six teachers in Penang was utilized. The interview results were analyzed using NVivo 12 software by dividing the transcripts into several codes based on a thematic analysis approach. Four broad themes emerged from the need analysis interviews: i) the importance of chemical equilibria; ii) problems in teaching and learning chemical equilibria; iii) teaching strategy; iv) desired improvement. The findings of this study showed that the topic of chemical equilibria in form six syllabus is an important topic for students to master. Still, it is the most challenging concept for both students and teachers. Findings of the interviews also found that teachers need an e-module integrated with problem-based learning due to the lack of teaching resources, the content of the syllabus, and the lack of students’ thinking skills. Besides, teachers suggest variegating the content, strategies, and technology to develop the modules. These findings indicate that teachers are still unsatisfied with the existing teaching materials and strategies and, therefore require an e-module to meet their needs. All themes and codes of the findings are summarized using schematic diagrams. The results of this study are essential in designing and developing the e-module integrated with problem-based learning for the topic of chemical equilibria, which can be implemented and positively increase the HOTS level among form six students.

Speaking skills is a crucial element which all students in Malaysian polytechnic should master. The new English syllabus introduced in Polytechnic is aimed at building confidence and fluency in English for students as well as enabling them to function effectively at the workplace. Majority of the Communicative English assessment requires students to communicate in English either as individuals or in groups, but many students are still reluctant to speak in front of the classroom and have a very low level of confidence. Thus, Video Project Assignment (VPA) is implemented to boost the achievement of students in the field of Communicative English. The aims of this study are 1) to analyse the student’s perception on the use of Video Project Assignment (VPA) in Communicative English subject, 2) to examine students’ engagement level towards the use of Video Project Assignment (VPA) based on emotional engagement and cognitive engagement and 3) to identify students’ achievement in DUE3012 Communicative English 2 subject. A set of questionnaire was used to gather data from thirty-three respondents from one of the polytechnics in Johor. Descriptive analysis technique was used to analyzed the data gathered from questionnaire. Result of the study indicates that by generating Video Project Assignment (VPA), students demonstrate positive perception, engagement, and achievement. This study also provides the students, lecturers, and potential researcher with a good inference.

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a teaching model that uses real-world problems to lead students toward the learning objective of a course. It has been widely adopted in Malaysian education. However, PBL module for aboriginal people is scarce. This study aimed to provide suitable PBL activities in learning environmental problems by developing a PBL teaching module for the aborigine community and accessing its suitability. In this study, data was collected through an online validation form that was given to four validators, all of them have science or chemistry education backgrounds. The online questionnaires collected were further analyzed to investigate their responses to the module. The result has shown positive feedback (95.83%) as the responses are very encouraging. All respondents give approbation to the objectives of the module which are clearly stated and are parallel with the content. Many of them also strongly agree that the PBL model and the language used are suitable in this module. There is no doubt that PBL is a valuable tool to teach chemistry to improve students’ critical thinking and problem-solving skills effectively.

Chemistry is branch of science that is different because of chemical representations. The chemical representation made students assumed that chemistry is difficult. Students must master chemical representation to be able understand chemistry deeply. Besides, science process skills are crucial skills in learning chemistry, however, the students’ science process skills are rare to be involved. Chemical representation and science process skills have relationship each other. Nowadays, it was still difficult to find module could be used either face-to-face learning or online learning. Therefore, this study aimed to develop valid module integrated chemical representation and science process skills, and can be used in face-to-face learning and online learning (dual mode module) and to investigate teachers’ response about module. The research design used was ADDIE, data collected by using online validation form that was given to 6 validators to assess module based on suitability content, potential effectiveness, and overall satisfaction. To investigate chemistry teachers’ response to module, the online questionnaire given to teachers and it was further analyzed using percentage and compare to criteria of validity and criteria of response user. Th result found that module developed is valid with suitability content is 90.7%, potential effectiveness is 92%, and overall satisfaction is 92.5%. The chemistry teachers’ response showed that this module is very good criteria (92.36%). Therefore, dual mode module hopefully would be used in learning chemistry as media in face-to-face learning and online learning and also support chemical representation and science process skills among students.