This study aims to explore the pivotal role of green inclusive leadership (GIL) in driving sustainability efforts in the hotel industry, guided by the social exchange theory (SET). The research centers on three core objectives: firstly, evaluating how GIL directly impacts green work engagement (GWE), green organizational identification (GOI), and green organizational citizenship behavior (GOCB); secondly, examining how GWE and GOI influence GOCB; and thirdly, investigating whether GWE and GOI act as mediators in the relationship between GIL and GOCB. This study gathered data via an online questionnaire, completed by 446 front-line employees in eco-conscious five-star Saudi Arabian hotels. This study employed PLS-SEM with bootstrapping techniques to scrutinize seven hypotheses, encompassing both direct and indirect connections among study variables. The findings underscore the significant, positive influence of GIL on employees’ GWE and GOI, motivating their active participation in GOCBs. Furthermore, GWE and GOI play pivotal roles in enhancing employees’ engagement in GOCBs. Notably, GWE and GOI emerge as substantial mediators in the relationship between GIL and GOCB. These insights carry significant practical implications, poised to strengthen GOCB and drive sustainability initiatives in the hotel industry.

A marine-derived red alga, along with their active constituents, were actively screened for their biocontrol potential against major insect pests. The current study explored the larvicidal activity of crude methanolic extracts of the red alga Halymenia dilatata (Mx-Hd) against Aedes aegypti (Linn.), and their enzyme inhibition, repellent activity, and non-target toxicity was screened against non-target species. The toxicity of Mx-Hd to exposed larvae was dose-dependent, and it was significant at the maximum concentration of 100 ppm (parts per million) across the second, third, and fourth instars of Ae. aegypti. The LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ Mx-Hd concentrations for second-instar larvae were 37 and 93 ppm, respectively. Moreover, the level of major detoxifying enzymes was altered in response to the Mx-Hd treatment. The repellent activity of Mx-Hd showed maximum repellent protection at 100 ppm dosage for up to 210 min. The toxicity against non-target species showed that Mx-Hd was safe or less toxic at the prominent dosage (1000 ppm). The photomicrography results provided a prominent damage rate in fourth-instar midgut cells and tissues treated with Mx-Hd. Overall, the present study delivered an insect toxicological screening study of bioactive red alga extracts against a dengue mosquito vector, as well as a baseline for better commercialization of bioactive insecticides. Also, the bioeconomy of algal-based pesticides in managing mosquito larvae presents an exciting avenue for sustainable and eco-friendly pest control.

The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges that King Faisal University's Applied College students have when learning English writing skills and the strategies they employ to overcome these challenges. Because the instructor will be better informed about the issues students have when writing English essays or paragraphs, the study is important. When teaching writing in class, the English language instructor will concentrate more on the issues and errors that students make. Additionally, the English language instructor will develop new approaches to teaching writing skills and provide extra writing tasks to the students. This research holds significance for curriculum designers as well, since it helps them create a detailed plan outlining the requirements for students.

The goal of the study is to understand the issues and difficulties King Faisal University students encounter at the Applied College when they are learning English listening skills, as well as the strategies they employ to get past these difficulties. This study is significant because it will shed light on the difficulties that students encounter when learning English listening skills, which will benefit King Faisal University, English language instructors, curriculum designers, and researchers. King Faisal University will be aware of the academic standing of its students and might offer native English speakers positions as English language instructors. In order to determine averages, examine causality, and make broader demographic generalizations, the researcher employed a quantitative technique by applying the random sampling of male and female English 101 and 102 students enrolled in the Applied College at King Faisal University in the second semester of 2024. The study's findings indicate that while Saudi female students have more challenges than their male counterparts, both genders in the country have trouble learning English listening skills. The study's recommendations are based on its findings, which include enhancing listening techniques, giving universities and schools the tools they need to teach English listening skills, and pushing students to raise their proficiency levels in the language.