Introduction: Conservation tillage is a widely used technique worldwide, but the effects of conservation tillage on bacterial community structure are poorly understood. We explored proportional alterations in the bacterial community under different tillage treatments.Methodology: Hence, this study utilized high-throughput sequencing technique to investigate the structure and assembly processes of microbial communities in different tillage treatments.Results and discussion: Tillage treatments included tillage no-straw retention (CntWt), no-tillage with straw retention (CntWntS), tillage with straw retention (CntWtS), no-tillage and no-straw retention (CntWnt). The influence of tillage practices on soil bacterial communities was investigated using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Different tillage methods and straw retention systems significantly influenced soil parameters such as total potassium and pH were not affected by tillage practices, while straw retention significantly affected soil parameters including nitrogen content, available phosphorus and available potassium. Straw retention decreased bacterial diversity while increased bacterial richness. The effect of straw retention and tillage on bacterial communities was greater than with no tillage. Phylogenetic β-diversity analysis showed that deterministic homogeneous selection processes were dominated, while stochastic processes were more pronounced in tillage without straw retention. Ecological network analysis showed that microbial community correlation was increased in CntWntS and CntWnt. Straw retention treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of bacterial taxa Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and OD1, while Nitrospirae, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia significantly decreased.Conclusion: The conservation tillage practices significantly affect soil properties, bacterial composition, and assembly processes; however, further studies are required to investigate the impact of different crops, tillage practices and physiological characteristics on bacterial community structure and functions.

The study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of imaging and non-imaging spectroscopy for wheat scab (INISWS) using CiteSpace. Therefore, we underpinned the developments of global INISWS detection at kernel, spike, and canopy scales, considering sensors, sensitive wavelengths, and algorithmic approaches. The study retrieved original articles from the Web of Science core collection (WOSCC) using a combination of advanced keyword searches related to INISWS. Afterward, visualization networks of author co-authorship, institution co-authorship, and country co-authorship were created to categorize the productive authors, countries, and institutions. Furthermore, the most significant authors and the core journals were identified by visualizing the journal co-citation, top research articles, document co-citation, and author co-citation networks. The investigation examined the major contributions of INISWS research at the micro, meso, and macro levels and highlighted the degree of collaboration between them and INISWS knowledge sources. Furthermore, it identifies the main research areas of INISWS and the current state of knowledge and provides future research directions. Moreover, an examination of grants and cooperating countries shows that the policy support from the People’s Republic of China, the United States of America, Germany, and Italy significantly benefits the progress of INISWS research. The co-occurrence analysis of keywords was carried out to highlight the new research frontiers and current hotspots. Lastly, the findings of kernel, spike, and canopy scales are presented regarding the best algorithmic, sensitive feature, and instrument techniques.

Coccolithophores play a significant role in marine calcium carbonate production and carbon cycles, attributing to their unique feature of producing calcareous plates, coccoliths. Coccolithophores also possess a haplo-diplontic life cycle, presenting distinct morphology types and calcification states. However, differences in nutrient acquisition strategies and mixotrophic behaviors of the two life phases remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a series of phagocytosis experiments of calcified diploid and non-calcified haploid strains of coccolithophore Gephyrocapsa huxleyi under light and dark conditions. The phagocytosis capability of each strain was examined based on characteristic fluorescent signals from ingested beads using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The results show a significantly higher phagocytosis percentage on fluorescent beads in the bacterial prey surrogates of the non-calcified haploid Gephyrocapsa huxleyi strain, than the calcified diploid strain with or without light. In addition, the non-calcified diploid cells seemingly to presented a much higher phagocytosis percentage in darkness than under light. The differential phagocytosis capacities between the calcified diploid and non-calcified haploid Gephyrocapsa huxleyi strains indicate potential distinct nutritional strategies at different coccolithophore life and calcifying stages, which may further shed light on the potential strategies that coccolithophore possesses in unfavorable environments such as twilight zones and the expanding coccolithophore niches in the natural marine environment under the climate change scenario.