The philosophy of decision making in economics is to assess and select the most preferable solution, implement it and to gain the biggest profit. Important issues such as competitive market, changing technical, political and social environment have a key role in personnel selection. It is the crucial task which determines the company's present and future. Many decisions made cannot be accurately forecast or assessed. Understanding of the multiple criteria method and knowledge to calculate the algorithm of the method allows a decision maker to trust solutions offered by solution support systems to a greater extent. Many individual attributes considered for personnel selection such as organizing ability, creativity, personality, and leadership exhibit vagueness and imprecision. The fuzzy set theory appears as an essential tool to provide a decision framework that incorporates imprecise judgments inherent in the personnel selection process. In this paper, a fuzzy multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) algorithm using the principles of fusion of fuzzy information, additive ratio assessment (ARAS) method with fuzzy numbers (ARAS-F) and step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) technique are integrated. The proposed method is apt to manage information assessed using both linguistic and numerical scales in a decision making problem with a group of information sources. The aggregation process is based on the unification of information by means of fuzzy sets on a basic linguistic term set. The computational procedure of the proposed framework is illustrated through an architect's selection problem. Santrauka Sprendimų priėmimas ekonomikoje pagrįstas galimų sprendinių įvertinimu, tinkamiausio sprendinio atrinkimu, įgyvendinimu ir didžiausio pelno gavimu. Tokie svarbūs klausimai, kaip užsitikrinti vietą konkurencingoje rinkoje, besikeičianti techninė, politinė ir socialinė aplinka, yra vieni svarbiausių parenkant personalą. Tai labai svarbus uždavinys, tiesiogiai veikiantis bendrovės gyvavimą dabar ir ateityje. Daug sprendinių negali būti tiksliai prognozuojami arba įvertinti. Supratimas apie daugiatikslius metodus ir skaičiavimo metodo algoritmo išmanymas yra prielaidos sprendimų priėmėjui pasitikėti sprendiniais, kuriuos pateikia sprendimų priėmimo sistemos. Yra pateikiama daug atskirų rodiklių personalui atrinkti: organizaciniai gebėjimai, kūrybiškumas, asmeninės ir lyderio savybės. Visi šie rodikliai turi vieną bendrą savybę – jie negali būti tiksliai apirėžti. Tokiems uždaviniams spręsti neraiškiųjų aibių teorija gali pateikti sprendimo būdus, kurie įvertina netikslumus, būdingus personalo atrankos procesui. Šiame straipsnyje neraiškusis daugiatikslis sprendimų priėmimo (MCDM) algoritmas, taikant neraiškiosios informacijos sintezės principus, suminį santykinių dydžių vertinimo (ARAS) metodą, kurio reikšmės aprašomos neraiškiaisiais skaičiais (ARAS-F), ir laipsnišką rodiklių svorio santykinių dydžių analizės (SWARA) metodą, yra integruotas. Siūlomas metodas tinkamas informacijai, vertinamai tiek žodžiais, tiek skaitmenimis, išreiškiamoms skalėms, uždaviniui, kurio informacija surenkama iš grupės informacijos šaltinių, apdoroti. Sujungimo procesas grindžiamas informacija, taikant neraiškiųjų aibių teoriją pagrindinėms žodžiais aprašomoms reikšmėms pakeisti. Siūlomo algoritmo taikymas pavaizduotas sprendžiant architekto parinkimo uždavinį.

The intersection of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the circular economy (CE) creates a revolutionary opportunity to redefine economic sustainability and resilience. This review article explores the intricate interplay between IoT technologies and CE economics, investigating how the IoT transforms supply chain management, optimises resources, and revolutionises business models. IoT applications boost efficiency, reduce waste, and prolong product lifecycles through data analytics, real-time tracking, and automation. The integration of the IoT also fosters the emergence of inventive circular business models, such as product-as-a-service and sharing economies, offering economic benefits and novel market opportunities. This amalgamation with the IoT holds substantial implications for sustainability, advancing environmental stewardship and propelling economic growth within emerging CE marketplaces. This comprehensive review unfolds a roadmap for comprehending and implementing the pivotal components propelling the IoT’s transformation toward CE economics, nurturing a sustainable and resilient future. Embracing IoT technologies, the authors embark on a journey transcending mere efficiency, heralding an era where economic progress harmonises with full environmental responsibility and the CE’s promise.

Groups are generally considered to be more effective as compared to single individuals. The practical implementation of Operation Research methods in group negotiations needs simple contexts and clear cause-and-effect relationships easily discernible by everyone. This paper proposes a multi-criteria group decision-making approach allowing decision makers/experts involved in a negotiation process to better express and defend their preferences in the selection of the best alternative. In the proposed approach, the most appropriate alternative is the alternative with the largest number of appearances in the first position or in ranking lists, or the one determined based on negotiations of decision makers/experts. The proposed ARCAS approach is based on the use of the ARAS method, a new normalization procedure, and the SWARA method. In the proposed approach, each decision maker/expert involved in evaluation has an opportunity to set the preferred level of rating for each criterion used in such evaluation. Finally, a case study is presented in order to highlight the proposed approach. The obtained results confirm the usability and efficiency of the proposed approach.

Stakeholders carry out construction projects under fast-changing conditions. The conditions can undermine the concept of a stable and prosperous construction plan without an appropriate permit and an active and targeted plan for environmental management. Therefore, the decision maker often faces many challenges of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) when it comes to solving the construction management proper response selection problem for planning delay changes when sustainable environment requirements are essential. Any addition, reduction, or modification of the original project plan is a change to the project and impacts the environment. Change occurrence is a probable issue while projects are implemented. One of the most complex tasks for the project manager is to work correctly and to find the most suitable decisions for the not precisely predetermined future expectations of a change. Therefore, the relevant criteria of values must reflect the uncertain properties of the problem model. Similar problems require fuzzy or grey MCDM methods. The paper introduces a new MCDM approach, which combines four different MCDM methods with grey numbers: the SWARA, TOPSIS-GM, Additive Ratio ASsessment with Grey Numbers (ARAS-G) techniques and Geometric Mean to cover uncertainty and improve the problem-solving model. An analysis of a case study has examined and highlighted four possible alternatives described by eight performance criteria (cost, duration, and some linguistic criteria). Stakeholders determined the best alternative, calculated the efficiency of choice, and practically implemented the best option.

Sustainable and efficient development is one of the most critical challenges facing modern society if it wants to save the world for future generations. Airports are an integral part of human activity. They need to be adapted to meet current and future sustainable needs and provide useful services to the public, taking into account prospects and requirements. Many performance criteria need to be assessed to address issues that often conflict with each other and have different units of measurement. The importance of the criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of alternatives varies. Besides, the implementation of such decisions has different—not precisely described in advance—effects on the interests of different groups in society. Some criteria are defined using different scales. Stakeholders could only evaluate the implemented project alternatives for efficiency throughout the project life cycle. It is essential to find alternative assessment models and adapt them to the challenges. The use of hybrid group multi-criteria decision-making models is one of the most appropriate ways to model such problems. This article presents a real application of the original model to choose the best second runway alternative of the airport.

In sustainable economic development, top-level human capital, especially project management, is paramount. This article integrates the Systematic Hierarchical Attribute Ratio Delphic Rating (SHARDA) method and the Additive Ratio Rating (ARAS) method as a robust framework for identifying and training project managers. The research draws on a diverse panel of experts against the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) backdrop, emphasising stakeholder engagement and transparency in the decision-making processes. This study investigates the complexity of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods and focuses on SWARA and ARAS methods. These methodologies comprehensively improve the decision-making process, considering a range of subjective criteria. The extended and modified hierarchical SWARA method helps us understand each measure’s importance, while the ARAS method simplifies ranking and selection based on performance ratios. The research methodology seamlessly integrates these methods to form the SHARDA–ARAS methodology that addresses the challenging task of selecting project managers for sustainable development. This methodology guarantees a systematic and inclusive decision-making process, incorporating stakeholder perspectives seamlessly aligned with global sustainability goals. The studio’s innovation is wrapped in the synthesis of SWARA and ARAS into the SHARDA–ARAS methodology, presenting a nuanced and effective tool for project manager selection. Promoting an interconnected and holistic approach that contributes to sustainable development emphasises the methodology’s ability to balance economic, environmental, and social aspects. Thus, the article provides an invaluable method for organisations seeking global sustainable economic development.