SummaryDiet in the winter has a vital effect on the survival and condition of a honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony in the spring. The effect of supplementation of the diet with vitamin C (ascorbic acid) on the total antioxidant status (TAS), glutathione content, and activity of 4 antioxidative enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and glutathione transferase (GST) of honey bee brood developing in the spring was studied. Twelve stages, from newly hatched larvae to emerging adult worker bees were studied, allowing changes in the antioxidant profile during brood development to be determined for the first time. It was shown that bees are more exposed to oxidative stress after emergence. In workers emerging in colonies after supplementation with vitamin C, higher contents of protein and glutathione, and higher activities of peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione transferase were observed. Vitamin C did not alter brood weight increase, and the level of protein in emerged workers w... ResumenLa dieta durante el invierno tiene un efecto importante en la supervivencia y el estado de las colmenas de la abeja de la miel (Apis mellifera) durante la primavera. Se ha estudiado el efecto de la suplementación de la dieta con vitamina C (ácido ascórbico) sobre el estado antioxidante total (TAS), el contenido de glutatión y la actividad de cuatro enzimas antioxidantes: superóxido dismutasa (SOD), peroxidasa (POX), catalasa (CAT), y glutatión transferasa (GST) en la cría de abejas en desarrollo durante la primavera. Se han estudiado doce etapas, desde larvas recién nacidas hasta la emersión de las abejas obreras adultas, lo que permite determinar por primera vez los cambios en el perfil antioxidante durante el desarrollo de la cría. Se ha demostrado que las abejas están más expuestas a estrés oxidativo después de la emergencia. Los mayores contenidos de proteína y glutatión, y las mayores actividades de peroxidasa, catalasa y glutatión transferasa se observaron en las obreras que emergen en las co...

Foodborne parasitoses compared with bacterial and viral-caused diseases seem to be neglected, and their unrecognition is a serious issue. Parasitic diseases transmitted by food are currently becoming more common. Constantly changing eating habits, new culinary trends, and easier access to food make foodborne parasites’ transmission effortless, and the increase in the diagnosis of foodborne parasitic diseases in noted worldwide. This work presents the applications of numerous proteomic methods into the studies on foodborne parasites and their possible use in targeted diagnostics. Potential directions for the future are also provided.

SUMMARY: We studied a total of eight developmental stages of capped brood and newly emerged workers of Apis mellifera carnica colonies naturally parasitized with Varroa destructor. During winter and early spring four colonies were fed syrup containing 1·8 mg vitamin C kg⁻¹ (ascorbic acid group; group AA) while four colonies were fed syrup without the vitamin C (control group C). Selected elements of the antioxidative system were analysed including total antioxidant status (TAS), glutathione content and antioxidative enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase). Body weight, protein content and indices of infestation were also determined. The prevalence (8·11%) and intensity (1·15 parasite per bee) of the infestation were lower in group AA compared with group C (11·3% and 1·21, respectively). Changes in the indicators of antioxidative stress were evidence for the strengthening of the antioxidative system in the brood by administration of vitamin C. In freshly emerged worker bees of group AA, despite the infestation, protein content, TAS, and the activity of all antioxidative enzymes had significantly higher values in relation to group C.

Ivermectin (IVM), an antiparasitic drug, has a positive effect against Anisakis simplex s.s. infection and has been used for the treatment and prevention of anisakiasis in humans. However, the molecular mechanism of action of IVM on A. simplex s.s. remains unknown. Herein, tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and extensive liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis were used to identify the effect of IVM on the proteome of A. simplex s.s. in vitro. During the study, 3433 proteins, of which 1247 had at least two protein unique peptides, were identified. Comparative proteomics analysis revealed that 59 proteins were differentially regulated (DRPs) in IVM-treated larvae, of which 14 proteins were upregulated and 38 were downregulated after 12 h of culture, but after 24 h, 12 proteins were upregulated and 22 were downregulated. The transcription level of five randomly selected DRPs was determined by real-time PCR as a supplement to the proteomic data. The functional enrichment analysis showed that most of the DRPs were involved in oxidoreductase activity, immunogenicity, protein degradation, and other biological processes. This study has, for the first time, provided comprehensive proteomics data on A. simplex s.s. response to IVM and might deliver new insight into the molecular mechanism by which IVM acts on invasive larvae of A. simplex s.s.