There are several methods of analysis used in the metalworking industry for dry machining processes and with Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL). Evolutionary methods [1] have been used in the decision-making process in the machining process to select the optimal data and to analyze the behavior of variables such as cutting speed (V), feed rate (f) and cutting depth (a_p). This work addresses the use of evolutionary algorithms of low dominance class II and III (NSGA-II and NSGA-III) to analyze from the multicriteria approach the initial wear of the cutting tool (VB), the energy consumption (E) and the machining time (t) in the turning process of the AISI 316L steel workpiece for biomedical purposes. As input variables to the algorithm with 54 records, there are: cutting speed (V: 200, 300, 400 m/min) and feed rate (f: 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 mm/rev). The experiment was developed for a dry (1) turning operation and with the use of MQL (-1). For the MQL lubrication regime, a TRI-COOL MD-1 lubricant was employed, a vegetable type used in ferrous and non-ferrous metal cutting operations. A BIDEMICS JX1 ceramic cutting tool was used.

Reducing aerodynamic drag on medium-duty freight trucks is essential for improving fuel efficiency; however, the relationship between local flow modification, aerodynamic loads, and propulsion-power demand has not yet been sufficiently quantified. This study evaluates the aerodynamic influence of a front deflector on a Chevrolet NQR 1015 box truck using steady RANS CFD with the k–ω SST turbulence model under zero-yaw conditions from 50 to 120 km/h. The numerical setup included near-wall inflation layers and mesh characterization, as well as grid-independence assessments based on C_D, and the Grid Convergence Index. The deflector produced consistent aerodynamic improvements, reducing average drag coefficient by 14.1%, while the average lift coefficient decreased by 73.5%. These aerodynamic changes reduced the average required propulsion power from 53.86 kW to 50.39 kW, corresponding to a 6.4% reduction, with a maximum saving of 8.1% at 120 km/h. Pressure, velocity, and pressure-coefficient C_P distributions indicate that the deflector promotes smoother flow redirection at the cab–box transition, attenuates suction peaks, and suggests lower pressure losses associated with the separated-flow and wake regions.

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un método para el análisis y síntesis de los índices de exactitud del producto determinados a partir de sus requerimientos funcionales. Se demuestra cómo las cadenas dimensionales describen la formación de los índices de exactitud del producto, y revelan cuáles son las dimensiones de las piezas con sus tolerancias, que los determinan. Un ejemplo, ilustra la aplicación del método y la importancia de una adecuada descripción dimensional para asegurar el cumplimiento de los índices de exactitud durante el ensamble y funcionamiento del producto.

Objective: To develop a prototype of a custom ankle and foot orthosis using 3D scanning, CAD/CAE systems and rapid prototyping, evaluating ABS and PLA materials under specific loads. Theoretical Framework: Innovation in custom orthoses is based on advances in 3D scanning, virtual model processing, and 3D printing, to obtain ergonomic and durable devices. Method: Using a digital model by 3D scanning, a solid model was built using a CAD/CAE system, which allowed comparing its response in terms of strength and deformation for ABS and PLA materials, under loads of patients of different weights. Results and Discussion: Both materials showed good response: PLA offered rigidity and stability, ideal for immobility; ABS, flexibility and impact resistance, suitable for fluctuating loads. Research Implications: This study suggests that both materials are viable for custom orthoses. In addition, it proposes evaluating composite materials that combine the qualities of ABS and PLA. Originality/Value: This research is original in exploring alternative materials for orthoses through additive manufacturing and offers value to the rehabilitation sector by proposing personalized orthoses according to the characteristics of the patient, improving the effectiveness and durability in mobility treatments.