The Amazon Biome is home to an extraordinary diversity of wildlife, many of which are reservoirs or vectors for infectious and parasitic diseases that can impact not only the health of wild animals but also human and domestic animal populations. This narrative review highlights the critical importance of studying infectious and parasitic diseases in wild animals within the Amazon, particularly in the context of the One Health approach, which recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. This narrative review examines key pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites, that pose significant risks to wildlife conservation and public health. Through a synthesis of recent literature, this article emphasizes the need for comprehensive surveillance, research, and collaboration between the veterinary, medical, and environmental sectors. The results underscore the urgent necessity for an integrated response to emerging diseases, particularly as environmental changes and human activities increasingly disrupt ecosystems in the region. The conclusions advocate for the reinforcement of One Health initiatives in the Amazon Biome to ensure the protection of biodiversity and the prevention of zoonotic disease transmission to human populations.

The present study reports the occurrence of rotavirus A (RVA), rotavirus D (RVD), rotavirus F (RVF), rotavirus G (RVG), and picobirnavirus (PBV) in fecal specimens of wild (n = 22), and exotic birds (n = 1) from different cities of Pará state. These animals were hospitalized at Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Pará, Brazil, in a period from January 2018 to June 2019. The animals exhibited different clinical signs, such as diarrhea, malnutrition, dehydration, and fractures. The results showed 39.1% (9/23) of positivity for RVA by RT-qPCR. Among these, one sample (1/9) for the NSP3 gene of T2 genotype was characterized. About 88.9% (8/9) for the VP7 gene belonging to G1, G3 equine like and G6 genotypes, and 55.5% (5/9) for the VP4 gene of P[2] genotype were obtained. In the current study, approximately 4.5% of the samples (1/23) revealed coinfection for the RVA, RVD and RVF groups. Furthermore, picobirnavirus (PBV) was detected in one of the 23 samples tested, and was classified in the Genogroup I. The findings represent the first report of RVA, RVD, RVF, RVG, and PBV genotypes in wild birds in Brazil, and due to wide distribution it can implies potential impacts of RVs, and PBVs on avian health, and other animals contributing to construction of new knowledge, and care perspectives. The anthropic action in the Amazon region directly influences the relationship among pathogens, and animal hosts. This kind of action could move different species of animals from their natural habitat to urban or rural areas, which can lead to the dispersion of different etiological agents such rotavirus and picobirnavirus, showing their zoonotic potential, and increasing their genetic diversity. This study detected the circulation of rotavirus in 9/23 samples of wild, and exotic avian, and 1/23 for picobirnavirus from different cities of Pará state, Brazil. We report the first occurrence of rotavirus A, D, F, G, and Genogroup I of picobirnavirus in wild, exotic birds in Brazil, and worldwide. Our data correlated the pathogens with cities, and symptoms. The data emphasize the scarce of epidemiological monitoring of these pathogens, and the importance of epidemiological studies to obtain the ecology, and evolution of rotavirus, and picobirnavirus in animals population as well as the negative impacts in animal health.

Leucoderma is a condition that affects the skin and hair of animals, causing depigmentation and acromotrichia. In buffaloes, this condition results in significant economic losses for the production chain due to its impact on the leather trade. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinicopathological aspects of leucoderma in buffaloes in the Amazon biome and describe the prophylactic treatment to control the disease. The study included 40 buffaloes, 16 males and 24 females, aged between 1 and 10 years, and were of the Murrah, Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah × Mediterranean crossbreed breeds. The animals were raised without mineral supplementation. The clinical signs observed in the animals included acromotrichia and depigmentation, with varying degrees and distribution of skin lesions. Histological examination of the epidermis showed interrupted melanin production, mild dermal fibrosis, mild perivascular mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate, and pigmentary incontinence. None of the animals had the genotype for albinism. After 120 days of mineral supplementation based on the use of copper sulfate, the clinical signs of leucoderma regressed. There was no predisposition by breed, sex, or age for the occurrence of the disease. The regression of skin lesions after proper mineral supplementation suggests that copper deficiency may be considered an important factor for the occurrence of leucoderma in buffaloes in the Amazon biome.

Um banco de amostras biológicas ou biobanco é, por definição, uma coleção biológica de qualquer amostra humana, animal, vegetal ou microbiana, associadas com os dados da amostra, gerenciados de acordo com padrões técnico-científicos. O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar um estudo retrospectivo acerca dos biobancos de animais selvagens, enfatizando sua importância na conservação de espécies, assim como os procedimentos necessários para sua formação, gerenciamento de dados e desafios. Os biobancos devem ser encarados como uma enorme oportunidade de conservação da vida selvagem, por meio da manutenção de amostras biológicas de DNA, células somáticas, tecidos, sangue, germoplasma e embriões, constituindo uma base de dados científicos fundamental para traçar estratégias de proteção de espécies sob ameaça. Todavia, há a necessidade no aprimoramento dos protocolos para uma gama de amostras, com intuito de minimizar as injúrias provocadas pelos crioprotetores e temperaturas de resfriamento ou congelamento. Os biobancos são ferramentas fundamentais no propósito de salvaguardar e gerenciar um conjunto de dados da fauna selvagem, criando uma rede de informações para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de conservação de espécies, frente aos impasses impostos pelos processos de extinção.

A pododermatite do paradígito (PP) é a inflamação do segundo e quinto paradígitos e da pele que os circunda. Geralmente a inflamação é acompanhada por necrose e perda de substância córnea. São escassos os relatos sobre a doença, entretanto vêm sendo observada em animais criados extensivamente ou semi-intensivamente em pastos sujos, recém desmatados e com muitos tocos. Devido aos prejuízos econômicos causados, como, por exemplo, descarte precoce de animais do rebanho e elevadas perdas na produtividade, a PP é de extrema importância em medicina veterinária. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo descritivo através de uma revisão bibliográfica indexada sobre PP utilizando-se plataformas online como Periódicos Capes, Science Direct, Scielo, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde-MS, PubMed e PubMed Central. Conclui-se que as lesões de PP estão ligadas diretamente com manejo e bem-estar animal, enfatizando a importância dos conhecimentos relacionados a epidemiologia da doença, com objetivo de instituir medidas eficazes de controle e profilaxia.