In the field of X-ray phase-contrast imaging, a time-saving approach and preservation of details are crucial factors for obtaining phase-contrast images. In this manuscript, a single grating imaging system is proposed to perform the X-ray phase-contrast imaging. Instead of the time-consuming phase-stepping method, this system uses a single-shot algorithm to retrieve the distribution of samples’ attenuation and phase gradient. Unlike the single-shot Fourier transform algorithm, which truncates the high-frequency component of the image and reduces the spatial resolution, our method can retrieve the attenuation and phase information images with the same spatial resolution as the images acquired directly by the X-ray detector used. Furthermore, by using a large-size X-ray detector (29 cm × 23 cm), the imaging system can be configured as either a microscopic instrument or a normal large field-of-view imaging system. Finally, a series of experiments were performed to validate the feasibility of the proposed method.

Grating-based x-ray phase contrast imaging has attracted increasing interest in recent decades as multimodal and laboratory source usable method. Specific efforts have been focused on establishing a new extraction method to perform practical applications. In this work, noise properties of multi-combination information of newly established information extraction method, so-called angular signal radiography method, are investigated to provide guidelines for targeted and specific applications. The results show that how multi-combination of images can be used in targeted practical applications to obtain a high-quality image in terms of signal-to-noise ratio. Our conclusions can also hold true for upcoming targeted practical applications such as biomedical imaging, non-destructive imaging, and materials science.

In this manuscript, a technique for the fast retrieval and dose saving single-shot imaging of X-ray scattering information based on angular signal radiography and the staggered grating is simulated. A staggered grating is used to encode two sample images into a single exposure. Results show that single-shot X-ray scattering imaging, being low dose, can be used for biomedical applications where X-ray absorption-based imaging produces low contrast. Hence, our proposed method can be used towards the development of X-ray scattering imaging based on grating interferometer into practical applications.

To address the challenge of fabricating metal-based composite coatings on the inner surfaces of tubular and internal hole components, a novel cylindrical electro-spark powder deposition (CEPD) technique is introduced. Utilizing the CEPD process, Ni-based composite coatings are successfully prepared on the inner surface of 316L stainless-steel tubes. The resultant Ni-based composite coatings completely covered the inner surface, exhibiting a splattered morphology and forming a robust metallurgical bond. Microstructural analysis revealed that the composite coatings primarily consisted of submicron-sized fine dendrites, with the main phases identified as Ni, FeNi₃, and Fe₃Ni₂, in addition to Ag particles. These fine grains and reinforcing phases contributed to a substantial increase in coating hardness, with an average value of 673.33 HV, representing approximately 2.82 times the hardness of the substrate. Tribological testing indicated that the high-hardness Ni-based composite coatings nearly doubled the surface wear resistance of the substrate and exhibited a significantly lower friction coefficient. Compared to other existing inner surface coating techniques, the CEPD process offers simplicity, low cost, and the ability to produce functional composite coatings with complex compositions. The prepared coatings exhibit considerable development potential and may offer a novel approach for the advancement of coating techniques for non-line-of-sight surfaces.

The X-ray Talbot–Lau interferometer is a sensitive method for probing wavefront phase distribution and high-energy-density plasmas. In this study, we have quantitatively calculated the fringe visibility obtained using an X-ray cascaded Talbot–Lau interferometer (CTLI) with W-absorption gratings of different structural heights. A cascaded configuration with different W-absorption gratings was built experimentally to verify the validity of the calculation results. The relationship between the sensitivity of the interferometers and the duty ratio of the gratings is also discussed. The analytical results presented in this study will be useful for optimizing the design and fabrication of W-absorption gratings to improve the sensitivity of X-ray CTLI.