This study concerns the review of previous studies that made use of nanotechnology to inhibit the corrosion of metals/alloys in one part. The other consideration probed the long-term stability and durability of the applied nanotechnology for corrosion control in a variety of environmental conditions, as well as the optimization of nanoparticle dispersion and integration for optimal efficiency—two crucial but sometimes disregarded features of nano coatings for corrosion prevention. Although there had been some progress in preventing corrosion, consistent dispersion of nanoparticles and long-term efficacy were still unattainable with nano coatings. Key findings from the review of the literature covering the years 2017–2023 indicated an increasing amount of research on different materials and techniques to improve corrosion resistance, from multilayered nanocomposites to superhydrophobic surfaces and innovative composite coatings. The versatility and effectiveness of nanoparticle-based coatings in corrosion management were highlighted by this research, which provided specialized solutions for various substrates and operating environments. Furthermore, studies on the stability and durability of nanocoatings on metals have shown that there are viable ways to extend their useful life over time, such as the use of coatings that are nanolaminated and the active release of corrosion inhibitors. In addition to closing important information gaps, this review offered guidance for the future production of reliable and durable corrosion protection devices.

Limiting casting expression speed was obtained and the flow redistribution and thermal history in a horizontal direct-chill (HDC) casting was predicted using the numerical modeling approach. The governing solidification equations were non-dimensionalized to understand the relevant contribution of each term in the solidification processes in the HDC system. The effect of an increase in the casting speed on the flow characteristics and sump length was represented by the Péclet number Pe. Details of the simulation reveal that at a low Pe, the natural convective flow creates minor counter-clockwise recirculating cells in the lower half of the HDC domain. However, at a Pe above 82.75, the minor recirculating cells disappear due to the strong forced convective flow from the upstream. Additionally, an increase in the Pe increases the sump length, strength, and spread of the turbulence field within and beyond the mold region. The limiting casting conditions are computed by predicting the sump length over which the alloy temperature is above the solidus temperature. This gives a simple relation for the casting speed as a function of the geometrical data and the alloy properties. The current work is useful to casting engineers who always rely on trial and error in choosing a new casting speed whenever a new alloy is to be produced. Hence, with the new information and the casting speed relations, it is possible and easy to predict the operating window over which melt break-out can occur during HDC.

Because Cu-Zn alloys have excellent combination of both physical and mechanical properties such as high thermal and electrical conductivities, good tribological behaviour, relative stability in corrosive environments and high mechanical strength, their study is very important for industrial and academic purposes. Review of previous experiments of leaded brasses focused on the effect of small addition of Al on microstructure and mechanical properties and did not evaluate physical behaviour of the alloy. In the current work, the influence of heavy aluminium addition and grain refinement for leaded brasses was investigated and the analysis is extended to physical properties evaluation. The results obtained show that mechanical properties are directly dependent on the microstructure which is in agreement with previous experiments. Initial addition of Al to the alloys does not result to heavy increase in hardness, but further increase in Al and addition of inoculants lead to significant change in hardness. The same pattern of modification was observed in both compressive strength and ultimate tensile strength. For the physical properties, there is little discrepancy to the sequence of their modification, most especially after grain refinement. There is a steady decrease in electrical conductivity even after grain refinement. This is not the case for thermal properties. The thermal conductivity reduced and then increased tremendously after Ti addition. The microstructure was modified with the addition of Al and Ti grain refiners. The presence of Al promoted formation of β-phase seen in the dark regions of the microstructure while Ti aided equiaxed grain formation.