Numerous experimental observations have been made on microorganisms and culture of the cells of mammals as well as the accounting of the chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow cells of the mammals and of human cells displayed that the chromium and its compounds possess a pronounced mutagenic effect. Translocation test, induction record of DNA damage and repair systems in the mammalian and human cells with greater precision proves the presence of the mutagenic effect of the chromium and its compounds, which in turn is dependent on dose and time of this metal intoxication. Chromium and its compounds have pronounced mutagenic effect, on increased admission to organism of mammals and protozoa.

Objective: To explore the prevalence of malignant tumors in the adult population through 2003-2014 in parts of the Aral Sea region: a zone of ecological disaster, a zone of ecological crisis and a zone of precritical conditions. Methods: The long-time average annual levels of cancer morbidity stratified by zones of the Aral Sea region and trends of long-time average annual incidence indicators of malignant tumors were identified. Leading cancer localizations in the adult population was established and associations between cancer incidence and environmental pollution were analyzed. In addition, associations between individual risk factors and cancer incidence in the adult population was established. Correlations between a hazard index and the cancer incidence in the adult population were calculated. Results: In all three Aral Sea regions, as well as in Zhanaarkinskii district, leading cancer in adult population was esophageal, stomach, tracheal, lung, hepatobiliary, and breast. Long-time average annual levels of cancer morbidity in adult population living in the Aral sea region is 1.5 times higher comparing to the control region. In particular, long-time average annual levels of cancer morbidity in adult population living in the zone of ecological disaster was 57.2% higher, in the zone of ecological crisis - 61.9% higher, and in the zone of precritical condition – 16.8% higher. Long-time average annual levels in the adult population of the Aral Sea region significantly exceeded control levels for brain and central nervous system cancer, cancer of bone and articular cartilage, and thyroid cancer. Conclusion: It has was established that the total cancer morbidity depended on the total hazard index associated with the inhalation of nickel and the combined cadmium intake (r=0.8).

Objective: A study of primary cancer morbidity among children and subsequent calculation of average annual incidence were carried out for boys and girls, and young men and women in Kazakhstan. Methods: The investigated population lived in three areas of the Aral Sea region: designated catastrophe (Aral, Kazalt, Shalkar regions), crisis (Zhalagash, Karmakshy, Shiely regions), pre-crisis (Irgiz, Arys, Ulytau regions). Zhanaarka region of Karaganda oblast was applied as a control. Parameters were retrospective analyzed for the 10 years from 2004 to 2013. Result: The results indicate that indices of children cancer morbidity were slightly higher in the Aral Sea region than in the control district, but they were comparable with similar data from studies in other regions. In all areas of the Aral Sea region, except for Ulytau, primary cancer morbidity exceeded the control level by 1.3-2.7 times (4.7%000). Hematological malignancies, including solid tumors - tumors of musculoskeletal system and skin, digestive system, brain and central nervous system predominated. Stress levels in zones of the Aral Sea region were slightly higher in the crisis zone than in the catastrophe zone that can be explained by the phenomenon of wave-like dynamics of disease growth risk. Gender differences in characteristics of malignancy formation were not more pronounced in the studied region. Conclusion: Indices of children cancer are slightly higher in the Aral Sea region than in the control area of Kazakhstan, but they are comparable to results for other regions.

The article analyzes statistical data for the adult population of the oil and gas producing region at the Aktobe district over 2011-2015. Data on the incidence of malignant (reporting statistical forms No. 35 and No. 7) of the adult population of Mugalzhar, Temirsky district in the Aktobe region were studied in the process of the implementation of the research. In the work, there were used statistical and epidemiological methods. There was a decline in the primary incidence of malignant tumors (MT) in the adult population in Mugalzhar region (there is a gradual decrease from 2011 till 2014, in 2015 -the sharp decrease of the indices of the primary incidence) and Kobdinsky region (there is a decrease of the MT from 2013 and an increase in the rate of growth in Temirsky region (the incidence of MT decreases from 2011 till 2013, the trend of increasing primary indices is traced from 2013) during the period under review. Ranking of the MT with the first time established diagnosis among the adult population living in the Mugalzhar district showed the women’s breast cancer to held the first place, the second - the esophagus, the third place is the uterus. The elderly population of the Temir district is ranked first with MT of the esophagus, on the second - MT of tracheaetracheae, bronchus, lung, in third place - MT of the women’s breast. Among the adult population of the Kobda district, which is the control, the MT of the stomach is leading, after it the MT of tracheae, bronchus, lung, the MT esophagus is on the third place. The statistically significant direct, strong correlations between the annual average daily concentration of carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, hydrocarbon in the atmospheric air and the index of the MT incidence (body of uterus, uterine cervix, breast, mammary gland) at the adult population was revealed. In the Mugalzharsky and Kobdinsky districts the proportion of people living by 2015 more than 5 years from the date of diagnosis is higher than in the Temir district. In the Temir district, the detection rate among newly registered MT patients, in comparison with the Mugalzhar and Kobdinsky regions is high at the I-II stages, and at the IV stage.

The formation of the health of adolescent children is carried out under the influence of many risk factors, including non-medical determinants: lifestyle, socio-economic, household factors and living conditions. Conducting epidemiological studies to identify the leading risk factors for the lifestyle and quality of life of adolescents is currently consistent with the basic directions of development of preventive medicine. Aim. Analysis of literature data, leading factors, the impact of social determinants on the health and well-being of children and adolescents. Material and methods. The choice of publications was made according to keywords that reflected between the indicators of the health of children and adolescents and the factors that influence them. Assessment of the influence of social determinants on the health of children and adolescents made it possible to prepare comprehensive measures to improve the health and health of children and adolescents. Conclusions. In the literature review, the social conditions studied have a decisive influence on the formation of the lifestyle, health and well-being of children and adolescents. Keywords: сhildren, adolescents, social determinant.