This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Urbanization and climate change are together exacerbating water scarcity—where water demand exceeds availability—for the world’s cities. We quantify global urban water scarcity in 2016 and 2050 under four socioeconomic and climate change scenarios, and explored potential solutions. Here we show the global urban population facing water scarcity is projected to increase from 933 million (one third of global urban population) in 2016 to 1.693–2.373 billion people (one third to nearly half of global urban population) in 2050, with India projected to be most severely affected in terms of growth in water-scarce urban population (increase of 153–422 million people). The number of large cities exposed to water scarcity is projected to increase from 193 to 193–284, including 10–20 megacities. More than two thirds of water-scarce cities can relieve water scarcity by infrastructure investment, but the potentially significant environmental trade-offs associated with large-scale water scarcity solutions must be guarded against.
Chunyang He; Zhifeng Liu; Jianguo Wu; Xinhao Pan; Zihang Fang; Jingwei Li; Brett A. Bryan. Future global urban water scarcity and potential solutions. Nature Communications 2021, 12, 1 .
AMA StyleChunyang He, Zhifeng Liu, Jianguo Wu, Xinhao Pan, Zihang Fang, Jingwei Li, Brett A. Bryan. Future global urban water scarcity and potential solutions. Nature Communications. 2021; 12 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChunyang He; Zhifeng Liu; Jianguo Wu; Xinhao Pan; Zihang Fang; Jingwei Li; Brett A. Bryan. 2021. "Future global urban water scarcity and potential solutions." Nature Communications 12, no. : 1.
CONTEXT:Habitat loss has clear negative effects on biodiversity, but whether fragmentation per se (FPS), excluding habitat loss does is debatable. A contribution to this debate may be that many fragmentation studies tend to use landscapes of fragmented focal-habitat and a single vastly different species-poor intervening land cover (the matrix). OBJECTIVES:How does matrix composition influence the effect of FPS on biodiversity?. METHODS:Using an individual-based model to investigate the effect of different configurations of the matrix on the relationship between FPS and biodiversity of the focal-habitat. We manipulated the number and quality of land cover types in the matrix, and their similarity to the focal-habitat. RESULTS:Extremely different matrix, caused an order of magnitude stronger effect of FPS on alpha- and gamma-diversity and beta-diversity to decline. Low FPS led to high gamma-diversity. Increasing FPS caused a dramatic decline to low diversity. In contrast landscapes with a more similar matrix had lower diversity under low FPS declining little with increasing FPS. Having few matrix types caused beta-diversity to decline in general compared to landscapes with a larger numbers. CONCLUSIONS:The effects of FPS on biodiversity may change depending on the number of matrix types and their similarity to the focal-habitat. We recommend that fragmentation studies should consider a greater variety of landscapes to help assess in which cases FPS does not have a negative impact and allow better predictions of the impacts of fragmentation. We show the importance of having a diversity of matrix land cover types and improving the hospitability of the matrix for species dependent on the focal-habitat.
Jianguo Wu; Chetcuti J; Kunin We; Bullock Jm. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Matrix composition mediates effects of habitat fragmentation: a modelling study. Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature 2021, 36, 1 .
AMA StyleJianguo Wu, Chetcuti J, Kunin We, Bullock Jm. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Matrix composition mediates effects of habitat fragmentation: a modelling study. Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature. 2021; 36 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJianguo Wu; Chetcuti J; Kunin We; Bullock Jm. 2021. "Faculty Opinions recommendation of Matrix composition mediates effects of habitat fragmentation: a modelling study." Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature 36, no. 6: 1.
Surface coal mining accounts for about 40% of global coal production, and is notorious for its myriad environmental problems and associated social issues. The Mongolian Plateau, consisting of Inner Mongolia of China and the sovereign state of Mongolia, is the world's largest surface coal mining region, producing more than 13% of the total global coal. This study represents the first comprehensive assessment of the spatial extent, expansion rate, and environmental and economic impacts of surface coal mining across the entire plateau, based on data mainly from remote sensing imagery, field surveys, and governmental documents. Our results show that during 1975-2015 the total number of surface coal mines increased from 516 to 10,834 (up 21 times), while the total coal-excavating area expanded from 20.77 to 683.92 km2 (up 33 times). More than 90% of coal mining occurred in Inner Mongolia in 2015. Surface coal mining in the Mongolian Plateau destroyed or damaged more than 10,000 km2 of natural vegetation and agricultural land, and consumed more than 2,315 million m3 of surface water and groundwater, profoundly transforming landscapes with long-lasting impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem processes, and ecosystem services. In addition, rapidly increasing economic inequality raises concerns with social injustice. Policy interventions are needed to stop the rampage of coal mining and promote clean energy-based economic development. Such actions are critical not only for sustaining the Mongolian Plateau, but also for the world to meet emission reduction goals to avert severe environmental and socioeconomic damages of global warming in coming decades.
Qun Ma; Jianguo Wu; Chunyang He; Xuening Fang. The speed, scale, and environmental and economic impacts of surface coal mining in the Mongolian Plateau. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2021, 173, 105730 .
AMA StyleQun Ma, Jianguo Wu, Chunyang He, Xuening Fang. The speed, scale, and environmental and economic impacts of surface coal mining in the Mongolian Plateau. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2021; 173 ():105730.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQun Ma; Jianguo Wu; Chunyang He; Xuening Fang. 2021. "The speed, scale, and environmental and economic impacts of surface coal mining in the Mongolian Plateau." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 173, no. : 105730.
Ecosystem services (ES) are essential for sustaining human wellbeing (HWB), but empirical studies have shown that the ES-HWB relationship can be positive, negative, or nonexistent. Reconciling these seemingly conflicting results requires better understanding how the ES-HWB relationship varies with scales and indicators. Here we systematically analyzed the ES-HWB relationship between six ES and ten HWB measures in China on three spatial scales (i.e., provincial, prefectural and county scales), using both simple regression and constraint line analyses. Three major results emerged from our analysis: (1) social/economic wellbeing (e.g., HDI and Life Expectancy) were generally positively correlated with provisioning and cultural services at the provincial scale, but the correlative relationships changed to constraint relationships at the prefectural and county scales, suggesting that these services influenced the mean values of HWB on the provincial scale but only the maximum and minimum values of HWB on finer scales; (2) environmental wellbeing (Water Quality and Air Quality) had consistent correlative or constraint relationships with ES across scales – negative correlations with provisioning ES and positive constraint relationships with regulating ES; and (3) socioeconomic wellbeing had no relationships with regulating ES on any scale. The detected scale- and indicator-dependent patterns of the ES-HWB relationship can help better understand the ES-HWB relationship in general and the so-called “Environmentalist's Paradox” in particular. It indicates that a hierarchical, multiscale approach is necessary to study and improve the ES-HWB relationship. For managing ES to improve HWB, for instance, simply extrapolating policies across administrative levels may lead to unintended outcomes.
Lumeng Liu; Jianguo Wu. Ecosystem services-human wellbeing relationships vary with spatial scales and indicators: The case of China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2021, 172, 105662 .
AMA StyleLumeng Liu, Jianguo Wu. Ecosystem services-human wellbeing relationships vary with spatial scales and indicators: The case of China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2021; 172 ():105662.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLumeng Liu; Jianguo Wu. 2021. "Ecosystem services-human wellbeing relationships vary with spatial scales and indicators: The case of China." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 172, no. : 105662.
Background Damming disrupts rivers and destroys neighboring terrestrial ecosystems through inundation, resulting in profound and long-lasting impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem processes far beyond the river system itself. Archipelagos formed by damming are often considered ideal systems for studying habitat fragmentation. Methods Here we quantified the island attributes and landscape dynamics of the Thousand Island Lake (TIL) in China, which is one of the several long-term biodiversity/fragmentation research sites around the world. We also synthesized the major findings of relevant studies conducted in the region to further ecological understanding of damming and landscape fragmentation. Results Our results show that the vegetations on islands and the neighboring mainland were both recovering between 1985 and 2005 due to reforestation and natural succession, but the regeneration was partly interrupted after 2005 because of increasing human influences. While major changes in landscape composition occurred primarily in the lakefront areas and near-lakeshore islands, landscape patterns became structurally more complex and fragmented on both islands and mainland. About 80 studies from the TIL region show that the genetic, taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity on these islands were mainly influenced by island area at the patch scale, but fragmentation per se also affected species composition and related ecological processes at patch and landscape scales. In general, islands had lower species diversity but a steeper species-area relationship than the surrounding mainland. Fragmentation and edge effects substantially hindered ecological succession towards more densely vegetated forests on the islands. Environmental heterogeneity and filtering had a major impact on island biotic communities. We hypothesize that there are multiple mechanisms operating at different spatial scales that link landscape fragmentation and ecological dynamics in the TIL region, which beg for future studies. By focusing on an extensive spatiotemporal analysis of the island-mainland system and a synthesis of existing studies in the region, this study provides an important foundation and several promising directions for future studies.
Guang Hu; Maxwell Wilson; Bing-Bing Zhou; Chenwei Shang; Mingjian Yu; Jianguo Wu. Spatiotemporal patterns and ecological consequences of a fragmented landscape created by damming. PeerJ 2021, 9, e11416 .
AMA StyleGuang Hu, Maxwell Wilson, Bing-Bing Zhou, Chenwei Shang, Mingjian Yu, Jianguo Wu. Spatiotemporal patterns and ecological consequences of a fragmented landscape created by damming. PeerJ. 2021; 9 ():e11416.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuang Hu; Maxwell Wilson; Bing-Bing Zhou; Chenwei Shang; Mingjian Yu; Jianguo Wu. 2021. "Spatiotemporal patterns and ecological consequences of a fragmented landscape created by damming." PeerJ 9, no. : e11416.
A background assumption of landscape approaches is that some landscape patterns are more sustainable than others, and thus searching for these patterns should be a unifying theme for all landscape-related studies. We know much about biodiversity, ecosystems, and human wellbeing in our landscapes, but much less about how their interactions influence, and are influenced by, landscape patterns. To help fill this knowledge gap, landscape sustainability science (LSS) has emerged. However, the core research questions and key approaches of this new field still need to be systematically articulated. The main objectives of this paper were: (1) to propose a set of core research questions for LSS, and (2) to identify key cross-disciplinary approaches that can help address these questions. I took a qualitative and subjective approach to review and synthesize the literature relevant to landscape sustainability, based on which I developed core questions and identified key cross-disciplinary approaches. Eight core questions were proposed to focus on understanding the relationships among landscape pattern, biodiversity, ecosystem function, ecosystem services, and human wellbeing, assessing the impacts of environmental and socio-institutional changes on these relationships, and fusing knowledge and action through landscape design/planning and governance processes. Ten inter- and trans-disciplinary approaches were identified, and their key characteristics were discussed in relation to landscape sustainability. LSS has emerged as an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research field that aims to understand and improve sustainability by focusing on landscape scales, while considering local and global scales in the same time. To advance LSS, future research not only needs to emphasize the relationships among landscape pattern, ecosystem services, and human wellbeing, but also to proactively integrate complementary approaches across natural and social sciences. Landscape sustainability is inevitably connected to the broader regional and global context; but if global sustainability is to be achieved, our landscapes must be sustained first. It is not the other way around.
Jianguo Wu. Landscape sustainability science (II): core questions and key approaches. Landscape Ecology 2021, 36, 2453 -2485.
AMA StyleJianguo Wu. Landscape sustainability science (II): core questions and key approaches. Landscape Ecology. 2021; 36 (8):2453-2485.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJianguo Wu. 2021. "Landscape sustainability science (II): core questions and key approaches." Landscape Ecology 36, no. 8: 2453-2485.
Jianguo Wu; Cumming Gs; Epstein G. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Landscape sustainability and the landscape ecology of institutions. Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature 2021, 35, 1 .
AMA StyleJianguo Wu, Cumming Gs, Epstein G. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Landscape sustainability and the landscape ecology of institutions. Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature. 2021; 35 (11):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJianguo Wu; Cumming Gs; Epstein G. 2021. "Faculty Opinions recommendation of Landscape sustainability and the landscape ecology of institutions." Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature 35, no. 11: 1.
Megafauna play important roles in the biosphere, yet little is known about how they shape dryland ecosystems. We report on an overlooked form of ecosystem engineering by donkeys and horses. In the deserts of North America, digging of ≤2-meter wells to groundwater by feral equids increased the density of water features, reduced distances between waters, and, at times, provided the only water present. Vertebrate richness and activity were higher at equid wells than at adjacent dry sites, and, by mimicking flood disturbance, equid wells became nurseries for riparian trees. Our results suggest that equids, even those that are introduced or feral, are able to buffer water availability, which may increase resilience to ongoing human-caused aridification.
Erick J. Lundgren; Daniel Ramp; Juliet C. Stromberg; Jianguo Wu; Nathan C. Nieto; Martin Sluk; Karla T. Moeller; Arian D. Wallach. Equids engineer desert water availability. Science 2021, 372, 491 -495.
AMA StyleErick J. Lundgren, Daniel Ramp, Juliet C. Stromberg, Jianguo Wu, Nathan C. Nieto, Martin Sluk, Karla T. Moeller, Arian D. Wallach. Equids engineer desert water availability. Science. 2021; 372 (6541):491-495.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErick J. Lundgren; Daniel Ramp; Juliet C. Stromberg; Jianguo Wu; Nathan C. Nieto; Martin Sluk; Karla T. Moeller; Arian D. Wallach. 2021. "Equids engineer desert water availability." Science 372, no. 6541: 491-495.
Rising CO2 concentration and temperatures in urban areas are now well-known, but the potential of an emerging oxygen crisis in the world’s large cities has so far attracted little attention from the science community. Here, we investigated the oxygen balance and its related risks in 391 global large cities (with a population of more than 1 million people) using the oxygen index (OI), which is the ratio of oxygen consumption to oxygen production. Our results show that the global urban areas, occupying only 3.8% of the global land surface, accounted for 39% (14.3 ± 1.5 Gt/yr) of the global terrestrial oxygen consumption during 2001–2015. We estimated that 75% of cities with a population more than 5 million had an OI of greater than 100. Also, cities with larger OI values were correlated with more frequent heatwaves and severe water withdrawals. In addition, cities with excessively large OI values would likely experience severe hypoxia in extremely calm weather. Thus, mitigation measures should be adopted to reduce the urban OI in order to build healthier and more sustainable cities.
Yun Wei; Jianguo Wu; Jianping Huang; Xiaoyue Liu; Dongliang Han; Linli An; Haipeng Yu. Declining Oxygen Level as an Emerging Concern to Global Cities. Environmental Science & Technology 2021, 55, 7808 -7817.
AMA StyleYun Wei, Jianguo Wu, Jianping Huang, Xiaoyue Liu, Dongliang Han, Linli An, Haipeng Yu. Declining Oxygen Level as an Emerging Concern to Global Cities. Environmental Science & Technology. 2021; 55 (12):7808-7817.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYun Wei; Jianguo Wu; Jianping Huang; Xiaoyue Liu; Dongliang Han; Linli An; Haipeng Yu. 2021. "Declining Oxygen Level as an Emerging Concern to Global Cities." Environmental Science & Technology 55, no. 12: 7808-7817.
Pinar Pamukcu-Albers; Francesca Ugolini; Daniele La Rosa; Simona R. Grădinaru; João C. Azevedo; Jianguo Wu. Building green infrastructure to enhance urban resilience to climate change and pandemics. Landscape Ecology 2021, 36, 665 -673.
AMA StylePinar Pamukcu-Albers, Francesca Ugolini, Daniele La Rosa, Simona R. Grădinaru, João C. Azevedo, Jianguo Wu. Building green infrastructure to enhance urban resilience to climate change and pandemics. Landscape Ecology. 2021; 36 (3):665-673.
Chicago/Turabian StylePinar Pamukcu-Albers; Francesca Ugolini; Daniele La Rosa; Simona R. Grădinaru; João C. Azevedo; Jianguo Wu. 2021. "Building green infrastructure to enhance urban resilience to climate change and pandemics." Landscape Ecology 36, no. 3: 665-673.
Read the latest recommendation by Jianguo Wu from the Ecology Faculty, at Faculty Opinions.
Jianguo Wu; Halstead Ke; Alexander Jd; Hadley As; Stephens Jl; Yang Z; Betts Mg. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Using a species-centered approach to predict bird community responses to habitat fragmentation. Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature 2021, 34, 1 .
AMA StyleJianguo Wu, Halstead Ke, Alexander Jd, Hadley As, Stephens Jl, Yang Z, Betts Mg. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Using a species-centered approach to predict bird community responses to habitat fragmentation. Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature. 2021; 34 (8):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJianguo Wu; Halstead Ke; Alexander Jd; Hadley As; Stephens Jl; Yang Z; Betts Mg. 2021. "Faculty Opinions recommendation of Using a species-centered approach to predict bird community responses to habitat fragmentation." Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature 34, no. 8: 1.
China’s grassland policy has changed substantially since the country’s “reform and opening up” about four decades ago, with profound impacts on both herder’s wellbeing and grassland conservation in Inner Mongolia. However, whether the herder-grassland system of Inner Mongolia has become more sustainable has not been quantitatively assessed against established sustainability standards. Thus, this study aimed to quantify the sustainability gaps of the herder-grassland system of Inner Mongolia from 1982 to 2015, based on the Regional Safe and Just Operating Space (RSJOS) framework and landscape sustainability science. Specifically, we evaluated grassland productivity by combining the envelope of variability and spatial explicit landscape analysis methods, and assessed herder’s wellbeing using the minimum standards of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Our main findings are: (1) the grassland productivity of Inner Mongolia returned to a safe operating state after experiencing unsafe changes between 2000 and 2009; (2) the hotspots of grassland degradation during 1980s-2015 were mainly located in desert steppes and the agro-pastoral transitional zone; (3) herder’s income, education, safe drinking water, and social equality did not reach the internationally agreed minimum standards of SDGs, although the overall wellbeing improved during recent decades; and (4) herder’s livelihood became less reliant on grasslands as their economic gains from raising livestock declined rapidly. We conclude that, while Inner Mongolia has made substantial progress in economic development during recent decades, improving the basic needs of herders (especially socioeconomic equity and high-quality education) and restoring severely degraded grasslands remain the most urgent and challenging issues that hinder a sustainability transition in the region.
Xuening Fang; Jianguo Wu; Chunyang He. Assessing human-environment system sustainability based on Regional Safe and Just Operating Space: The case of the Inner Mongolia Grassland. Environmental Science & Policy 2021, 116, 276 -286.
AMA StyleXuening Fang, Jianguo Wu, Chunyang He. Assessing human-environment system sustainability based on Regional Safe and Just Operating Space: The case of the Inner Mongolia Grassland. Environmental Science & Policy. 2021; 116 ():276-286.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXuening Fang; Jianguo Wu; Chunyang He. 2021. "Assessing human-environment system sustainability based on Regional Safe and Just Operating Space: The case of the Inner Mongolia Grassland." Environmental Science & Policy 116, no. : 276-286.
Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: A guide for evaluating and reporting map data quality: Affirming Shao et al. “Overselling overall map accuracy misinforms about research reliability”
Jianguo Wu; Stehman Sv; Wickham J. Faculty Opinions recommendation of A guide for evaluating and reporting map data quality: Affirming Shao et al. “Overselling overall map accuracy misinforms about research reliability”. Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature 2020, 35, 1 .
AMA StyleJianguo Wu, Stehman Sv, Wickham J. Faculty Opinions recommendation of A guide for evaluating and reporting map data quality: Affirming Shao et al. “Overselling overall map accuracy misinforms about research reliability”. Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature. 2020; 35 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJianguo Wu; Stehman Sv; Wickham J. 2020. "Faculty Opinions recommendation of A guide for evaluating and reporting map data quality: Affirming Shao et al. “Overselling overall map accuracy misinforms about research reliability”." Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature 35, no. 6: 1.
Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Habitat fragmentation, livelihood behaviors, and contact between people and nonhuman primates in Africa.
Jianguo Wu; Bloomfield Lsp; McIntosh Tl; Lambin Ef. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Habitat fragmentation, livelihood behaviors, and contact between people and nonhuman primates in Africa. Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature 2020, 35, 1 .
AMA StyleJianguo Wu, Bloomfield Lsp, McIntosh Tl, Lambin Ef. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Habitat fragmentation, livelihood behaviors, and contact between people and nonhuman primates in Africa. Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature. 2020; 35 (4):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJianguo Wu; Bloomfield Lsp; McIntosh Tl; Lambin Ef. 2020. "Faculty Opinions recommendation of Habitat fragmentation, livelihood behaviors, and contact between people and nonhuman primates in Africa." Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature 35, no. 4: 1.
Urban parks are of great importance for residents’ health and well-being. As two main factors influencing park visits, distance to parks and park size have been studied and adopted in practice such as park planning and guidelines. This study aims to examine how travel distance and park size associated with park visits and how these effects may vary across different types of park visits in Beijing, China. We conducted a city-wide survey in 78 neighborhoods, and interviewed 7362 residents on their park visit behaviors. Constraint line analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and significant differences analysis were employed. We found that travel distance had an exponential limiting effect on park visits. The maximum park visits dropped exponentially as the travel distance to parks increased. No such effect was observed for park size. Visitors to nearby, medium-distance, and distant parks varied significantly in terms of park visit frequency, travel mode, time spent in parks, and activity. Their destination parks also differed in size, vegetation cover and whether water body is present. Furthermore, we identified four cut-off points (1, 2, 5, and 10 km) based on the constraint line functions as the accessible and maximum travel distance regarding different travel modes and visit frequencies of park visits. Our findings provided empirical evidence on the association among travel distance, park size and visits, which have important implications for future park studies and planning.
Xingyue Tu; Ganlin Huang; Jianguo Wu; Xuan Guo. How do travel distance and park size influence urban park visits? Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2020, 52, 126689 .
AMA StyleXingyue Tu, Ganlin Huang, Jianguo Wu, Xuan Guo. How do travel distance and park size influence urban park visits? Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2020; 52 ():126689.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXingyue Tu; Ganlin Huang; Jianguo Wu; Xuan Guo. 2020. "How do travel distance and park size influence urban park visits?" Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 52, no. : 126689.
Household livelihood strategies affect grassland ecosystem services and the herder’s well-being. Understanding different household livelihood strategies and influencing factors is crucial for sustainable development in pastoral areas. We surveyed 241 households in the typical grassland region of Inner Mongolia to classify the different types of household livelihood strategies using income-based cluster analysis and to identify the major influencing factors of household livelihood strategies with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Our study has several findings. First, according to household income sources, there are five types of household livelihood strategies in this region, including breeding only small livestock (S), breeding mainly small livestock (SL), breeding mainly large livestock (LS), breeding only large livestock (L), and not breeding livestock (N), with the S strategy as the most dominant household livelihood strategy in this region. Second, among the five types of household livelihood strategies, the LS strategy had the highest household income (323,200 Chinese yuans) while the N strategy had the lowest household income (68,540 Chinese yuans). Third, among the five types of livelihood capitals, manufactured capital and natural capital had more substantial influences on household livelihood strategies. Manufactured capital directly influenced household livelihood strategies, while natural capital affected household livelihood strategies either directly or indirectly through manufactured capital. Our results suggest that the LS strategy would be the most economically profitable among the five household livelihood strategies in the typical grassland region of Inner Mongolia.
Yang Liu; Qing Zhang; Qingfu Liu; Yongzhi Yan; Wanxin Hei; Deyong Yu; Jianguo Wu. Different Household Livelihood Strategies and Influencing Factors in the Inner Mongolian Grassland. Sustainability 2020, 12, 839 .
AMA StyleYang Liu, Qing Zhang, Qingfu Liu, Yongzhi Yan, Wanxin Hei, Deyong Yu, Jianguo Wu. Different Household Livelihood Strategies and Influencing Factors in the Inner Mongolian Grassland. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):839.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang Liu; Qing Zhang; Qingfu Liu; Yongzhi Yan; Wanxin Hei; Deyong Yu; Jianguo Wu. 2020. "Different Household Livelihood Strategies and Influencing Factors in the Inner Mongolian Grassland." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 839.
Context Landscape ecology was founded on the idea that there is a reciprocal relationship between spatial pattern and ecological processes. I provide a retrospective look at how the state-of-the-art of landscape pattern analysis has changed since 1998.
Jianguo Wu. Faculty Opinions recommendation of How has the state-of-the-art for quantification of landscape pattern advanced in the twenty-first century? Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature 2019, 34, 1 .
AMA StyleJianguo Wu. Faculty Opinions recommendation of How has the state-of-the-art for quantification of landscape pattern advanced in the twenty-first century? Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature. 2019; 34 (9):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJianguo Wu. 2019. "Faculty Opinions recommendation of How has the state-of-the-art for quantification of landscape pattern advanced in the twenty-first century?" Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature 34, no. 9: 1.
The traditional livestock industry in Inner Mongolia has evolved rapidly in response to social and economic transformations during recent decades, resulting in substantial impacts on the rural economy and livelihoods of pastoralists. Improved understanding of these changes and potential drivers may help foster strategies to sustain the pastoral system of this region. Using long-term climate, social-economic, and livestock (cattle, horses, sheep, and goats) population data from 1970 to 2010, we analyzed the dynamics of the livestock industry and main driving factors in the Xilinhot region—a central part of the Inner Mongolia Grassland. Our results show that the total livestock population increased dramatically in the past four decades, especially during 1987–2010. Livestock composition also changed substantially, with increasing sheep, goat, and cattle populations but a decreasing horse population. Pastoral population growth and land use policy were the primary drivers for livestock dynamics during 1970–2010. Livestock structure became differentiated progressively with changes in land use policy. Also, climate factors had an important influence on livestock production. The current study suggests that sustainable animal husbandry in this region requires government policies that promote ecological urbanization, livestock production efficiency, incentive systems for grassland conservation, and collective action and cooperation for enhancing social capital and resilience.
Ye Jiang; Qing Zhang; Jianming Niu; Jianguo Wu. Pastoral Population Growth and Land Use Policy Has Significantly Impacted Livestock Structure in Inner Mongolia—A Case Study in the Xilinhot Region. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7208 .
AMA StyleYe Jiang, Qing Zhang, Jianming Niu, Jianguo Wu. Pastoral Population Growth and Land Use Policy Has Significantly Impacted Livestock Structure in Inner Mongolia—A Case Study in the Xilinhot Region. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7208.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYe Jiang; Qing Zhang; Jianming Niu; Jianguo Wu. 2019. "Pastoral Population Growth and Land Use Policy Has Significantly Impacted Livestock Structure in Inner Mongolia—A Case Study in the Xilinhot Region." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7208.
Land-use and land-cover changes associated with urbanization have significantly influenced biodiversity and ecosystem functions, as well as the supply and demand of ecosystem services (ESs). Assessing ESs and exploring their drivers are critical for regional land-use planning and ecological sustainability. In this study, the supply-demand matrix approach was used to quantify ES supply, demand, and their gap at multiple scales across the conterminous United States from 1940 to 2011. A new integrated measurement framework was proposed to offset ES deficits by identifying an optimal land-use conversion strategy. We focused on exploring the scale and spatial effects of the impacts of various drivers on ESs using ordination and regression analysis. The results showed that the expansion of developed land led to decreased ES supply and increased ES demand during the past seven decades, generating growing ES deficits at different scales, especially in highly urbanized metropolitan areas. To alleviate or offset ES deficits, promoting the intensive utilization of developed land and converting cropland, pasture, and barren land into forests would be the optimal land use strategies. Moreover, the drivers of ESs exhibited not only scale dependence but also spatial heterogeneity. The smaller the scale, the more diverse the drivers. The natural and socioeconomic drivers explained less variation at the metropolitan scale than at the state scale. Economic factors were key drivers for ESs at the state scale, while social factors were key drivers at the metropolitan scale. The regression coefficients for the drivers of ESs in the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model showed remarkable spatial heterogeneity. The GWR coefficients might have important implications for decision making in ES management. Localized and efficient land-use strategies and management policies are needed to reduce the ecological footprints of urban areas and thus achieve regional sustainability.
Xiao Sun; Huajun Tang; Peng Yang; Guang Hu; Zhenhuan Liu; Jianguo Wu. Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of ecosystem service supply and demand across the conterminous United States: A multiscale analysis. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 703, 135005 .
AMA StyleXiao Sun, Huajun Tang, Peng Yang, Guang Hu, Zhenhuan Liu, Jianguo Wu. Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of ecosystem service supply and demand across the conterminous United States: A multiscale analysis. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 703 ():135005.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao Sun; Huajun Tang; Peng Yang; Guang Hu; Zhenhuan Liu; Jianguo Wu. 2019. "Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of ecosystem service supply and demand across the conterminous United States: A multiscale analysis." Science of The Total Environment 703, no. : 135005.
High temperatures in urban areas cause a significant negative impact on the residents’ health. In a megacity such as Beijing, where both the land cover and social composition of residents are highly spatially heterogeneous, understanding heat vulnerability at a relatively fine scale is a prerequisite for place-based heat intervention actions. Both principal component analysis (PCA) and equal-weighted index (EWI) are commonly used in heat vulnerability studies. However, the extent to which the choice of these approaches may impact the results remains unclear. Our study aimed to fill this gap by estimating heat vulnerability at the jiedao scale (the smallest census unit) in Beijing based on socioeconomic characteristics, heat exposure, and the use of air conditioners. Our results show that the choice of methods had a considerable impact on the spatial patterns of estimated heat vulnerability. PCA resulted in a ring-like pattern (high in the central and low in the suburb), whereas EWI revealed a north–south discrepancy (low in the north and high in the south). Such a difference is caused by the weighting scheme used in the PCA. Our findings indicate that heat vulnerability pattern revealed by a single measure needs to be interpreted with caution because different measures may produce disparate results.
Xuan Guo; Ganlin Huang; Peng Jia; Jianguo Wu. Estimating Fine-Scale Heat Vulnerability in Beijing Through Two Approaches: Spatial Patterns, Similarities, and Divergence. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 2358 .
AMA StyleXuan Guo, Ganlin Huang, Peng Jia, Jianguo Wu. Estimating Fine-Scale Heat Vulnerability in Beijing Through Two Approaches: Spatial Patterns, Similarities, and Divergence. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (20):2358.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXuan Guo; Ganlin Huang; Peng Jia; Jianguo Wu. 2019. "Estimating Fine-Scale Heat Vulnerability in Beijing Through Two Approaches: Spatial Patterns, Similarities, and Divergence." Remote Sensing 11, no. 20: 2358.