Using microscale topographic patterns to guide fibroblasts and epithelial cells to form topological defects in monolayers, we examine behaviors dependent on cell type as well as topological charge.

Liquid crystal displays based on the Kerr effect are emerging because of their attractive features, such as symmetric viewing angle, no need for alignment layer, and sub-millisecond response time. However, high operating voltage and low optical efficiency remain as challenges to be overcome. Here, we propose a new cell structure with a protrusion shape of electrode and a driving scheme using two transistors to reduce operating voltage and enhance light efficiency. Confirming simulation results are obtained.