Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a vital leguminous crop farmed worldwide. Pea plays an essential role in China’s crop rotation system, but the major restrictions to its cultivation are stability and low yield. Breeding for promising cultivars with a significantly high yield will impact the sustainability of pea production. Additionally, diverse environment trials are crucial in determining the best genotype. The new cultivar “Yunwan 52” was developed by hybridization and subsequently evaluated through yield trials among six pea genotypes across 14 environments during the 2016–2018 growing seasons. The results showed that the average yield of “Yunwan 52” for all tested environments was 2.64 t ha⁻¹ compared to the control cultivar (Yunwan 18, 1.83 t ha⁻¹). Analysis of AMMI variance showed significant differences (p < 0.01) between genotypes, environments, and their interaction. Based on the GGE biplot, some genotypes possessed wide and narrow adaptability to environments, such as Yunwan 52 was considered the most stable and ideal gen-otype across all tested environments. GYT biplot analysis also revealed that this realized cultivar was a superior and stable genotype that can be identified visually by combining all characters in breeding programs. Yunwan 52 distinguishes with purple blossoms and seed coat peas. It is possible to infer that the newly released cultivar “Yunwan 52” has outstanding yield performance and wide adaptability to multiple environmental conditions (resilience to abiotic stress). It will contribute to developing nutritional pea genotypes and increase pea production in irrigated areas.

The selection of stable, high-yielding pea genotypes is crucial for sustaining production under changing climate conditions. Twenty multi-environment trial

Faba bean is considered one of the most prominent grain legumes, with high protein content for human food consumption and livestock feed. The present study evaluated the nature of gene action and determined the genetic diversity among different populations of three crosses for resistance to foliar diseases at the molecular level. Analysis of variance exposed significant differences among the generations for all measured traits. Both dominance and additive gene effects were essential, but dominance genes, for the most part, exhibited greater effects than additive ones. This indicates an essential role for dominant genes alongside the additives one in inheriting such traits. The third cross (Marina × Giza 40) gave desired significant and positive (additive × additive) values for the number of pods/plant, seeds/plant, and seed yield/plant, in addition to desirable negative values for chocolate spot and rust characteristics. Furthermore, assessing the lines under study using seven SCoT primers disclosed three bands with recorded molecular weights of 260, 207, and 178 bp, generated by SCoT-1, SCoT-4, and SCoT-7 primers, respectively. These bands exist in the resistant parent (Marina), which could be attributed to the high-disease-resistance phenotypes, and they are absent in the sensitive parent (Giza 40) and other putative sensitive lines. Based on the molecular profiles and the genetic similarity between parents and the selected lines, the highest similarity value (0.91) was detected between Marina genotype and BC₁, revealing a high foliar disease resistance. Meanwhile, Giza 40 (susceptible to foliar diseases) exhibited the maximum value (0.93) with F₂. Additionally, cluster analysis based on genetic relationships was performed, and a high level of correlation between the results of PCR-based SCoT analysis and the foliar disease reactions was observed in the field. Consequently, this study concluded that SCoT markers created reliable banding profiles for evaluating genetic polymorphism among faba bean lines, which could be a foundation for developing an efficient breeding program.

Drought is a major environmental challenge that significantly limits crop productivity, and its impact varies based on the severity and timing of water scarcity. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] faces considerable yield constraints under water-deficit conditions. This study evaluated the performance of eight soybean genotypes characterized by different levels of drought tolerance compared with the drought-tolerant world genotype PI416937 under normal [100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)] and deficit irrigation (60% ETc) conditions during the 2021 and 2022 seasons at Sakha Agricultural Research Station. Under deficit irrigation, the promising line H4L4 produced 92% (4.07 t/ha) of its productivity under normal irrigation, compared with 89% (2.12 t/ha) for the drought-tolerant genotype PI416937 in an average of two seasons. Applying deficit irrigation saved 37.54% and 38.61% of applied irrigation water across two seasons, whereas genotype H4L4 achieved the highest crop water use efficiency (0.95 and 0.90 kg seeds/m³) in the respective seasons, highlighting its potential for sustainable production under water-limited conditions. The promising line H4L4 also exhibited the highest stability and adaptability for seed yield across diverse environments, as confirmed by GGE biplot analysis. Furthermore, the drought susceptibility index (DSI) proved the superiority of H4L4 followed by PI416937, Giza 22, and DR101 for drought tolerance. Additionally, anatomic studies highlighted that PI416937 and H4L4 exhibited superior tolerance by maintaining thicker primary and secondary xylem tissues along with better stem and leaf integrity under irrigation levels. These resilient genotypes, thriving under water-deficit conditions, have significant potential as valuable genetic resources for breeding programs to enhance soybean productivity and sustainability. Additionally, H4L4 may be well-suited for widespread cultivation in water-deficit areas.

The present study was carried out at three locations, i.e., Sakha, Sids, and Mataana Agricultural Research Stations, within two successive seasons (2020/2021 and 2021/2022), to evaluate eighteen promising faba bean genotypes derived from eleven crosses along with two commercial varieties, Giza 843 and Sakha 1. GGE model pattern analysis was used to determine stable faba genotypes for seed yield and to conceive of the relationships between environments and genotypes. Results of the combined analysis revealed that there were highly significant differences for genotypes and locations, indicating high genetic variability between genotypes and wide differences between locations. Comparing the check cultivars, Giza 843 had wide adaptability and produced a higher seed yield under Middle and Upper Egypt conditions, while Sakha 1 was superior under Sakha conditions. The new genotype G6 ranked first under all conditions and exceeded the average of the commercial cultivars by 9.8, 8.5, 11.6, and 10.0% under Sakha, Sids, Mataana, and the grand mean, respectively. GGE results revealed that the first principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained 83.57% of the total variation. The most stable genotypes were G6, G13, G15 and the check cultivar G1. These results suggested the release of G6 as a new faba bean cultivar for its wide adaptation and high productivity.