The dynamic characteristics and energy loss in a shifting control system is important and necessary in the performance improvement of an automatic transmission. The direct operating solenoid valve has been considered as a potential component applying in the shifting control system in vehicle. The previous method can solve only a specific physical field or use the test results of the magnetic force as input curve. The paper presents a numerical approach for solving the multi-domain physical problem of the valve. A precise model of the direct acting solenoid valve considering different physical field is developed. An experimental study is also performed to evaluate and confirm the simulation. Based on the model, the influences on the dynamic characteristics of the valve are analyzed by calculating forces acting on the valve. The systematic analysis of forces and energy loss characteristics are performed for three different flow conditions varying clearance height from 10 µm to 30 µm. The results demonstrate that the pressure response time can be improved with smaller clearance between the spool and the sleeve. Moreover, the leakage of the shifting control system employing the direct acting solenoid valve can be reduced by 60% compared to the conventional two-stage pilot valve in our previous product.

Clutches are widely utilized for not only implementing gear shifting but also transmitting power in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). During the driving mode transition in a P2-structure HEV, the coordination of between power sources, such as engine and electric motor, is realized by a hybrid clutch. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a control strategy for the hybrid clutch ensure drivability and driving comfort. In this study, a physical model of the hybrid clutch and other relevant components in the hybrid system is established in MATLAB/Simulink firstly. Then, a model-based coordinated control strategy is developed for the hybrid clutch during the driving mode transition. The hydraulic oil filling and torque transferring characteristics of the hybrid clutch are mainly considered in the control strategy. Finally, the proposed control strategy is validated by simulation and the results show that the quality of driving mode transition is obviously improved.

This article discusses the biopolitics of the coronavirus pandemic practiced on both human and non-human animals. I begin by introducing the idea of biopolitics and othering. I then bring two animals, bats and minks, together to explain the role of biopolitics in manipulating the bodies of non-human animals. In particular, I compare the discourses surrounding both animals that frame bats as the wild and minks as the productive— the categorization of both disembodies the animals and subjects them to exploitation. I also examine the role of the environment in creating a shared vulnerability between human and non-human animals. I argue that the coronavirus pandemic is a crisis evoked by a system that profits from the use of biopolitics through the creations of dichotomies between the “normal” and the “abnormal.” To reimagine our future, we need to seek a sustainability that fosters entanglements, instead of separations, of all creatures.