In clinical setting, urinary tract infections (UTIs) rank second among infectious presentations. Each year, around 150 million people receive a UTI diagnosis worldwide. Objectives: To determine the antibacterial sensitivity of meropenem, imipenem and ciprofloxacin against bacteria isolated from patients presented with Urinary Tract Infection. Methods: This Descriptive type Cross-sectional study was carried out at Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Pathology Department of King Edward Medical University. A total of 100 patients were included that had Urinary Tract Infections. Urine culture was done using standardized Cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar. Gram reaction, morphology, and biochemical properties were used to identify bacterial pathogens. Antibiotic sensitivity of the selected Gram negative bacteria was observed by using the Kirby Bauer method for antibiotic susceptibility. Results: The bacteria isolated were E. coli (62%), Klebsiella spp. (11%), Candida spp. (8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7%), Proteus spp. (4%), Staphylococcus spp. (3%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (3%) and Enterobacter spp. (2%). Sensitivity pattern for Ciprofloxacin was 20 (23.3%) sensitive and 66 (76.7%) resistant. Similarly 87.2% were sensitive to Meropenem and 12.8% were resistant. While for Imipenem 95.3% were sensitive and 4.7% were resistant. Conclusions: It was concluded that UTI most commonly caused by E. coli which is a gram negative bacteria followed by Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Proteus and Enterobacter. Other microorganisms such as Staphylococcus spp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Candida spp. were also isolated in least amount. Antimicrobial susceptibility showed that Gram negative isolates of uropathogens were highly resistant against Ciprofloxacin and showed sensitivity against Imipenem and Meropenem

High viscosity of alginate means a relatively low substrate concentration, which limits the efficiency of hydrolysis, resulting in one of the main challenges for the large-scale production of alginate oligosaccharides (AOS). In this study, a pilot-scale degradation product (PSDP) of the recombinant enzyme 102C300C-Vgb was produced for the first time at a substrate concentration of up to 20% sodium alginate. The optimal conditions for SA digestion were: enzyme dosage of 25 U/g, enzymatic temperature of 45 °C, enzymatic pH of 7.0, and enzymatic time of 24 h. Under these conditions, the yield of enzymatic hydrolysis was consistently in the range of 69% to 70%. The average molecular weight (Mw) of PSDP was 1496.36 Da, mainly containing oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization ranging from 2 to 4. The low-Mw PSDP was subsequently applied in the diet of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. The results showed that the body wall weight of S. japonicus increased significantly after 40 days of feeding with a 0.09% PSDP-supplemented diet. Furthermore, PSDP-supplemented diet significantly increased the thickness of the serosal and submucosal layers and the width folds of mucosa of the sea cucumber gut. The abundance of pathogenic bacteria was reduced effectively, and that of beneficial bacteria increased significantly after being fed with PSDP. The results demonstrated that PSDP can serve as a digestive health enhancer for sea cucumbers, promoting their healthy growth.

Cancer remains a second leading cause of death in the world, despite significant advances in treatment. It is well known that diet has a significant impact on overall health, calorie restriction may be beneficial for treating a number of diseases and even lengthening patients survival. Obesity and cancer have been shown to have strong epidemiological links, and healthy diets have been shown to lower the risk of developing cancer. There is also evidence that obese patients have a worse outcome and a higher mortality rate after being diagnosed with breast, colon, prostate, pancreatic, ovarian, and hematologic cancers. However, little is known about how nutrition may affect cancer once it has been detected, particularly how diet may influence cancer therapy [1]. The American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) developed lifestyle recommendations based on the most recent evidence. Following these suggestions may increase overall survival after cancer diagnosis: preserving a healthy body weight; engaging in physical activity; eating a diet high in fiber and soy; and limiting the consumption of fats, particularly saturated fatty acids. Previous study also supports the clinical utility of diet interventions in cancer patients. These interventions aim to ensure adequate energy and nutrient intake during chemotherapy, which may also improve patient response to and alleviate the toxicity of pharmacological anti-cancer therapies. Furthermore, by reducing cancer comorbidities, modifications in lifestyle, like as diet and exercise, might lessen the long-term negative effects of treatment regimens and improve general health over the long term [2]. Consumption of lignans, raw vegetables, dietary fiber, the Mediterranean diet, various dietary sources, low meat consumption, vegetarianism, or veganism, dietary intake (or biomarkers) of specific vitamins, like vitamin D, vitamin K2, or vitamin C, were all linked to a lower risk of developing cancer. An increased risk of cancer mortality was associated with poor food quality, alcohol usage, the intake of soft beverages like juice, and to a lesser extent, the consumption of certain fatty acids. The risk of dying from cancer was significantly enhanced by obesity [3]. The diet play important role in the lifestyle, disease prevention and may act as an immune booster but diet intervention is not surprising topic of discussion in the therapy of cancer. If the dietary intervention found beneficial in cancer treatment and prevention with therapeutic efficacy, it may have little or no toxicity. At this point, it is impossible to be sure which dietary strategy is best, and diet efficacies are likely to vary depending on patient, therapeutic regimen and cancer type. When implementing these strategies in the clinic, some personalization may be required because physician who treat overweight and obese patients are aware that sometimes the best diet is the one the patient is willing and able to follow. Further studies are needed on better diet intervention to cancer patients in order to improve cancer prognosis and patients survival