A practical loss allocation method should consider size, distance from source, and network usage of its' participants. The power flow pattern in distribution network has changed over a period due to increased integration of distributed generation (DG) and hence, the equivalent distance and usage of network have changed for the conventional distribution network. The regulators require a fair and robust model for loss allocation which should be able to discriminate between the contributions of multiple participants. The loss allocation techniques proposed earlier in the literature either require additional quantities over and above power flow solution or are specifically developed only for radial distribution networks. This paper presents a cooperative game approach which provides stable solution integrated with appropriate penalties or rewards to participants. The proposed method provides an analytical solution which is solved using Shapley value for radial as well as weakly meshed distribution network. The memory and computational burden with the Shapley value have been overcome by a final analytical formula that satisfies the axioms of fairness. The use of the method is straightforward without any assumptions and requires only network data and power flow solution. The results are illustrated using different scenarios of DG output levels and network topologies and compared with other methods to establish its effectiveness.

The evolution of distributed energy resources (DERs) at the distribution level has created opportunities to contribute to present and future power system operations. Implementation of DERs contributes to several goals like lowcarbon power generation, improvement in system resiliency, and satisfying overgrown load demand. However, in attaining these goals, it is vital to analyse the interconnection of transmission and distribution systems. It requires the participation of DERs in the Wholesale Electricity Markets (WEM) operated by independent or regional system operators. The integration of DERs at the transmission level is an evolving area of research. Many countries have implemented several DER integration models and regulations for this paradigm. This review summarises the concept of FERC Order No. 2222, which initiated the participation of DERs in WEM, the Framework for DER integration into WEM, the TSO-DSO coordination model, and challenges in this paradigm. Overall, this article gives a rich and valuable summary of how DERs can participate in WEM to help TSOs and DSOs work together, taking into account FERC Order No. 2222.

Load Redistribution (LR) attacks pose a significant threat to the reliability and security of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), particularly in critical infrastructures such as power system, potentially triggering cascading failures. Accurate modeling is essential for a comprehensive understanding of these attacks and their consequences. Existing models for these attacks typically handle critical line identification and exploitation as separate tasks. This segregated approach might overlook power flow changes during an attack and post-contingency phase, possibly affecting the accurate identification of vulnerable lines. To overcome this limitation, this paper introduces a new integrated LR attack model. This model handles critical line identification and exploitation simultaneously, considering power flow changes during and after the attack. This approach aids in the accurate identification of the critical line that could cause a cascading failure. The findings presented in this study, particularly from an attacker's perspective, could significantly contribute to the development of robust and secure CPS. The proposed model is validated using the modified IEEE 14 and IEEE 57 bus system, demonstrating its ability to induce overloads on multiple lines by targeting a single critical line, leading to a cascading failure

Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is a new standard of power system operation, where people can trade their energy with each other locally. P2P trading has seen a significant boost in recent years. The number of projects and trials in this area has significantly increased all around the world. This paper briefly elaborates the advantages, challenges, different technologies, and their application in P2P trading, and gives an idea about various projects currently running in India. It is observed that P2P trading has a vital role to play in the coming future but has many challenges to be addressed.