Background/Objectives: This paper presents an automatic irrigation system to provide water to the farms based on soil and temperature conditions using an android application, WSN and GPRS modules. Methods/statistical Analysis: An algorithm is developed such that soil moisture sensor and temperature sensor values are continuously fed to Arduino UNO micro controller. The sensor information is compared with the threshold values and based on that, decision will be taken to water the crops. The system is equipped with the photovoltaic panels and dual communication is established based on cellular-internet interface for continuous inquiry of data by the user. We have also developed an android mobile application for intercepting the data generated. For that purpose, we can also employ a web site. Findings: Because of system's energy sovereignty, low cost and relatively more amounts of underground water saving, this system is preferable at water scarcity locations like desert areas. Conclusion: This irrigation system has been working with high efficiency and top speed. This system sends message to the user whenever sensors exceed there threshold value, by this system every user can understand the soil conditions and controls the system too manually, if needed.

The increasing integration of IoT technology into our daily lives through applications, it is critical to assure these systems security and privacy problems. Furthermore, time-critical IoT applications in healthcare necessary access to real-time private information from third parties (users) via wireless communication devices As a consequence; user identity concerns have to be handled in IoT wireless sensor system networks. (WSNs). In this paper, a secure and compact three-factor identification technique for future IoT WSN applications that relies on user biometric feature extraction. The method that was proposed depends on hash and XOR functions, and it includes (i) three-factor authentication; (ii) a shared session key; (iii) mutual authentication; and (iv) key freshness. The simulation tool here using is AVISPA for Rapid Verification of Internet Security Protocols and an informal security research that confirms its other qualities. Furthermore, our calculations show suggested method outperforms existing similar authentication methods with respect to of safety and usefulness, as well as communications and computing costs. Furthermore, the proposed protocol is suitable for usage in the vast majority of IoT and WSN applications

The utilization of IoT is expanding across various domains, including tele-care, intelligent home systems, and transportation networks. In these environments, IoT devices generate data that is gathered on remote servers, requiring external users to authenticate themselves to access the data. However, existing authentication protocols for IoT fall short in meeting the crucial requirements of speed, security against multiple attacks, and ensuring user anonymity and un-traceability. Our research has identified that authentication techniques based on pairing are susceptible to attacks targeting temporary session-specific data, impersonation, privileged insiders, and offline password guessing. Moreover, these approaches relying on bilinear pairing demand extensive computation and communication resources. In order to address these security concerns, to propose a novel authentication system specifically designed for IoT scenarios. The proposed approach exclusively utilizes hash and exclusive-or operations to ensure suitability within IoT context are thoroughly evaluated the recommended protocol against existing authentication protocols, employing both informal and formal analytical routine like BAN logic, ROR model, and AVISPA simulation. Our findings demonstrate will suggest protocol not only enhances performance but also enhances security. To improved security measures, the suggested method stands as a reliable and durable solution for real-world IoT scenarios, addressing the inherent challenges posed by authentication requirements in IoT environments.