This study investigates the variations of middle and low latitude sporadic-E (Es) layers in response to a geomagnetic storm. Es layers are observed by five ionosondes located in the Eastern Asian sector. The critical frequencies of Es layers (foEs) at six stations increased in sequence from high latitude stations to low latitude stations after IMF/Bz turning southward. Lomb–Scargle analysis shows the amplification of semidiurnal oscillation amplitude in the vertical height of Es layers during geomagnetic disturbance. Modeling results of the NCAR Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) show the enhancement of the wind field in the mesosphere and the lower thermosphere (MLT) region. Our study provides evidence that the enhanced wind field in the MLT region during the storm period could result in the enhancement of Es layers at middle and low latitude.

Using the meteor radar data at the Mohe (53.5° N, 122.3° E) and Wuhan (30.5° N, 114.2° E) regions over China, this paper conducts a study on the diurnal and seasonal variation of high-frequency (within 2 h) gravity waves (GWs) activity in the mesosphere and the lower thermosphere (MLT). On the basis of the composite day analysis and Hocking’s technique, the variance and momentum flux of the high-frequency GWs are derived from the radial velocities of individual meteor trails. Spectral results demonstrate that the high-frequency GWs activity shows 12 and 24 h periodicity, which may be due to the tidal modulation on the high-frequency GWs. The spectra of the variance and momentum flux also show 6 and 8 h periodicity. In addition to the diurnal variation, the high-frequency GWs activity shows the annual and semiannual oscillations. Additionally, the quasi-4-month oscillation is found at Mohe.