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The increasing urbanisation trend of the last 50 years has drastically changed the landscape worldwide. The majority of world population is now living in cities and urban population growth is still accelerating, especially in developing countries. This chapter introduces the key concepts discussed in this book—i.e. urban heat island, urban climate and urban metabolism—and provides an overview of all the contributions. The fundamental issue discussed in the introduction and throughout the book is the need to overcome current fragmentation between disciplines and knowledge on cities. A new integrated urban science could effectively support the transition of existing cities toward more sustainable environments and also change our way to envision future cities. In this context, even though predicting the future is not possible, urban energy modelling and simulation could be valuable tools to guide the design and planning of future urban environments.
Massimo Palme; Agnese Salvati. Introduction: Anthropocene or Urbanocene? Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies 2021, 1 -9.
AMA StyleMassimo Palme, Agnese Salvati. Introduction: Anthropocene or Urbanocene? Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies. 2021; ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMassimo Palme; Agnese Salvati. 2021. "Introduction: Anthropocene or Urbanocene?" Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies , no. : 1-9.
Cities in the Mediterranean basin are characterised by compact and dense urban fabric, leading to a strong night-time urban heat island (UHI) intensity which increases thermal discomfort and building energy use in summer. This chapter reviews several experimental and numerical studies investigating the UHI intensity in representative Mediterranean cities, discussing the limitations and suitability of different approaches based on the purpose of the analysis (i.e. outdoor thermal comfort or building energy efficiency). Some recurrent urban climate characteristics are highlighted, such as the importance of urban morphology and sea breeze, the range of the daytime and night-time UHI intensity and its seasonal variability. Case studies of Rome and Barcelona are used to present modelling approaches to integrate urban climate in building energy performance. The complexity of the urban climate modifications in this context and their net energy impact on buildings are discussed considering UHI intensity, mutual shading between buildings, urban surface temperatures and wind speed in urban canyons. The last section is dedicated to urban and building design strategies for heat management in Mediterranean cities, including effective UHI mitigation measures and flexible passive cooling design strategies for buildings.
Agnese Salvati; Helena Coch. Urban Climate and Building Energy Performance in Compact Cities in Mediterranean Climate. Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies 2021, 105 -135.
AMA StyleAgnese Salvati, Helena Coch. Urban Climate and Building Energy Performance in Compact Cities in Mediterranean Climate. Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies. 2021; ():105-135.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnese Salvati; Helena Coch. 2021. "Urban Climate and Building Energy Performance in Compact Cities in Mediterranean Climate." Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies , no. : 105-135.
This chapter presents the urban microclimate impact on comfort and energy demand by buildings located in high-latitude temperate regions, characterised by higher heating demand compared to cooling. It focusses on London as a case study of such a location and presents results from measurements and computational studies during the last 20 years. The relationship of surface and air UHI in high-latitude cities is first described as well as the relationship between UHI and building energy demand; results from London are used to illustrate the impact. It follows a description of urban albedo outlining contributing parameters. Modelling tools enabling the study of microclimate impact on indoor thermal conditions are then described. Recent results of a study of urban albedo in London and the application of modelling tools are presented.
Maria Kolokotroni; Agnese Salvati. Comfort and Energy Implications of Urban Microclimate in High Latitudes. Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies 2021, 79 -104.
AMA StyleMaria Kolokotroni, Agnese Salvati. Comfort and Energy Implications of Urban Microclimate in High Latitudes. Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies. 2021; ():79-104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Kolokotroni; Agnese Salvati. 2021. "Comfort and Energy Implications of Urban Microclimate in High Latitudes." Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies , no. : 79-104.
Agnese Salvati; Maria Kolokotroni. Microclimate Data For Building Energy Modelling: Study On ENVI-Met Forcing Data. Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleAgnese Salvati, Maria Kolokotroni. Microclimate Data For Building Energy Modelling: Study On ENVI-Met Forcing Data. Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnese Salvati; Maria Kolokotroni. 2020. "Microclimate Data For Building Energy Modelling: Study On ENVI-Met Forcing Data." Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA , no. : 1.
The energy performance of urban buildings is affected by multiple climate phenomena such as heat island intensity, wind flow, solar obstructions and infrared radiation exchange in urban canyons, but a modelling procedure to account for all of them in building performance simulation is still missing. This paper contributes to fill this gap by describing a chain strategy to model urban boundary conditions suitable for annual simulations using dynamic thermal simulation tools. The methodology brings together existing physical and empirical climate models and it is applied to 10 case studies in Rome (Italy) and Antofagasta (Chile). The results show that urban climate varies significantly across a city depending on the density of urban texture and its impact on the annual energy demand depends on the region's climate. The urban shadows are crucial in cooling-dominated climates (Antofagasta) while the urban heat island intensity is more important in temperate climates (Rome). Abbreviations: ACH: Air change per hour; BPS: Building Performance Simulation; BS: British Standard; CNV: Controlled natural ventilation; H/W: height-to-width ratio of urban canyons; L/W: length-to-width ratio of urban canyons; UHI: Urban Heat Island; UWG: Urban Weather Generator model
A. Salvati; M. Palme; G. Chiesa; M. Kolokotroni. Built form, urban climate and building energy modelling: case-studies in Rome and Antofagasta. Journal of Building Performance Simulation 2020, 13, 209 -225.
AMA StyleA. Salvati, M. Palme, G. Chiesa, M. Kolokotroni. Built form, urban climate and building energy modelling: case-studies in Rome and Antofagasta. Journal of Building Performance Simulation. 2020; 13 (2):209-225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Salvati; M. Palme; G. Chiesa; M. Kolokotroni. 2020. "Built form, urban climate and building energy modelling: case-studies in Rome and Antofagasta." Journal of Building Performance Simulation 13, no. 2: 209-225.
The concept of urban metabolism was introduced by Wolman in 1965
Massimo Palme; Agnese Salvati. Sustainability and Urban Metabolism. Sustainability 2020, 12, 353 .
AMA StyleMassimo Palme, Agnese Salvati. Sustainability and Urban Metabolism. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (1):353.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMassimo Palme; Agnese Salvati. 2020. "Sustainability and Urban Metabolism." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 353.
The Urbanocene, a proposed new geological epoch characterized by the urban living condition, is pressing the humanity to respond shortly to important challenges. Cities are at the same time the places where we live in and the big dissipators of the final energy to the environment. The simultaneous rules of heat dissipator and place to live are quite contradictory, because of the increasing temperatures of the dissipator surfaces, phenomenon known as Urban Heat Island (UHI). Mediterranean climates should suffer, in the next years, changes in the thermal needs of buildings and in the outdoor comfort sensations. A change in the energy demand from heating to cooling is probable and overheating reduction could be a priority in the future. Many mitigation strategies of UHI are being discussed in these years, such as the city greening, the use of cool materials for roofs and soils, the reduction of automobile dependence, the shift to new urban morphologies. In this paper an evaluation of impacts of different possible strategies is done, by using computational simulations for various sectors of Rome and Valparaiso. Results show the importance of greening and traffic reduction to achieve better comfort; while to reduce building energy consumption changes in urban morphology and traffic are suggested as the best strategies.
M Palme; Carola Clemente; M Cellurale; C Carrasco; A Salvati. Mitigation strategies of the urban heat island intensity in Mediterranean climates: simulation studies in Rome (Italy) and Valparaiso (Chile). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019, 323, 012025 .
AMA StyleM Palme, Carola Clemente, M Cellurale, C Carrasco, A Salvati. Mitigation strategies of the urban heat island intensity in Mediterranean climates: simulation studies in Rome (Italy) and Valparaiso (Chile). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019; 323 (1):012025.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM Palme; Carola Clemente; M Cellurale; C Carrasco; A Salvati. 2019. "Mitigation strategies of the urban heat island intensity in Mediterranean climates: simulation studies in Rome (Italy) and Valparaiso (Chile)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 323, no. 1: 012025.
In relation to climate, cities introduce a perturbation with respect to the adjacent (non-urban) lands, since houses, buildings, industries, streets, among others, are made of materials that usually have different optical and thermal properties. In particular, they storage heat in a larger fraction than bare land. Consequently, it is of interest to analyse the main variable that can characterize this difference, the ambient temperature. We present results of the measurements done with a thermometer (with an estimated maximum uncertainty of 0.2°C) during the period June 2013 – June 2014, in different months of the year with clear sky and non-intense windy climatic conditions. The data were obtained at noon (around 13:00 local hour = Universal Time – 3 hours), traversing the city in the East-West and North-South directions. Particularly, in this work, we analyse the ambient temperature variation between the central dry Montenegro plaza and the Green Urquiza park. The first one is located among medium-height buildings (3 stories as a mean), while the second one is placed about 1770 meters away, in the border of the city, very near the coast of the large Paraná river (having it 60 km wide, including the delta islands). The mean temperature difference in the yearly investigated period was +0.7°C, being higher in the central dry plaza than in the green park. Results for different climatic periods are: for autumn-winter, +0.3°C and for spring-summer, +1.1°C. A possible explanation of this behaviour is the different angular incidence of solar radiation at the altitudinal level that air temperature is measured, being lower in autumn-winter (with the Sun at approximately 40° mean elevation angle) than in spring-summer (~70° mean elevation angle). We have also made model calculations, employing the Urban Weather Generator (UWG) model, developed by Bueno et al. at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA. As for the introduction of the climatological and building parameters, we have used climatological data from a rural meteorological station in the Energy Plus weather file format (.epw) and a parametric description of urban area in .xml format. We have also obtained a representation of the temperature behaviour in the central plaza, considering three scenarios. Scenario A represents the rural climate; scenario B portrays the current situation and scenario C verifies the Energy efficiency and solar protection in building N° 8757 Ordinance introduced for the first time in Argentina, by the Municipality of Rosario city. The highest temperature was found in scenario B, being 2.5 °C higher than in scenario A. Scenario C presents a temperature 1.5 °C higher than scenario A. In conclusion, the urban heat island data obtained is of interest in the design of acclimatisation systems (since normally the non-urban airport temperature data is employed). Also, they can be used as a simulation at present of what will happen in the future, due to the temperature increase produced by the emission of greenhouse gases, responsible of the global warming.
Marcelo Vega; Lucia Cespedes; Florencia Lombardo; Georgina Re; Nicolas Garcia; Andre Busnelli; Fernando Del Fedele; Miranda Lopez; Jose Pomar; Agnese Salvati; Ruben Piacentini. Measurements and Modelization of the Rosario City Heat Island, Argentina - Preliminary Results. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019, 471, 092088 .
AMA StyleMarcelo Vega, Lucia Cespedes, Florencia Lombardo, Georgina Re, Nicolas Garcia, Andre Busnelli, Fernando Del Fedele, Miranda Lopez, Jose Pomar, Agnese Salvati, Ruben Piacentini. Measurements and Modelization of the Rosario City Heat Island, Argentina - Preliminary Results. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019; 471 (9):092088.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcelo Vega; Lucia Cespedes; Florencia Lombardo; Georgina Re; Nicolas Garcia; Andre Busnelli; Fernando Del Fedele; Miranda Lopez; Jose Pomar; Agnese Salvati; Ruben Piacentini. 2019. "Measurements and Modelization of the Rosario City Heat Island, Argentina - Preliminary Results." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 471, no. 9: 092088.
Urban heat island effect is almost always neglected in building energy simulations, due to difficulties in obtaining site-specific climate data with a district-scale resolution. This study aims at filling this gap for the Mediterranean urban context, presenting a set of tools to estimate the climatic performance of urban fabric at the local scale. The results are based on climatic analysis conducted in Rome (Italy) and Barcelona (Spain) with the Urban Weather Generator (UWG) model, validated using temperature measurements taken in urban meteorological stations. Parametric analysis of the UHI intensity were performed considering five key variables: urban morphology, vegetation cover, anthropogenic heat from buildings, anthropogenic heat from traffic and albedo. The results show that the variability of urban morphology has the major impact on urban temperature. Two robust relationships between three morphology descriptors of urban fabric and UHI intensity were established applying multiple regression analysis. Such relationships indicate that both the horizontal and the vertical density of buildings play a major role on the temperature increase in urban areas. Easy-to-use graphical tools have been provided to compare the climate performance of different urban textures and to estimate the average UHI intensity variability in Mediterranean cities.
Agnese Salvati; Paolo Monti; Helena Coch Roura; Carlo Cecere. Climatic performance of urban textures: Analysis tools for a Mediterranean urban context. Energy and Buildings 2019, 185, 162 -179.
AMA StyleAgnese Salvati, Paolo Monti, Helena Coch Roura, Carlo Cecere. Climatic performance of urban textures: Analysis tools for a Mediterranean urban context. Energy and Buildings. 2019; 185 ():162-179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnese Salvati; Paolo Monti; Helena Coch Roura; Carlo Cecere. 2019. "Climatic performance of urban textures: Analysis tools for a Mediterranean urban context." Energy and Buildings 185, no. : 162-179.
The research aims at assessing the sensitivity of the Urban Weather Generator v4.1 to the application of different mitigation strategies for the urban heat island under two climatic contexts: desert climate (Mendoza city) and tropical climate (Campinas city). Twenty-four scenarios that modify their morphologic and material parameters were simulated. The results showed that the temperature of the air predicted by the UWG model is not significantly sensitive to the changes produced by the application of different strategies in urban contexts of equal H/W aspect; however, it does show sensitivity to the variation of the H/W aspect (ΔTa ≤ 1.3°C) and the climate context. The highest performance of the UWG model was recorded on the surface temperatures of the urban envelope, with a maximum difference in surface temperature was recorded on high aspect ratio with high albedo in arid climate, (Ts of roof = 28°C). Thermal performance; strategies; H/W; high albedo; Urban Weather; city
Alchapar Noelia Liliana; Pezzuto Cláudia Cotrim; Correa Erica Norma; Agnese Salvati. Thermal performance of the Urban Weather Generator model as a tool for planning sustainable urban development. Geographica Pannonica 2019, 23, 374 -384.
AMA StyleAlchapar Noelia Liliana, Pezzuto Cláudia Cotrim, Correa Erica Norma, Agnese Salvati. Thermal performance of the Urban Weather Generator model as a tool for planning sustainable urban development. Geographica Pannonica. 2019; 23 (4):374-384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlchapar Noelia Liliana; Pezzuto Cláudia Cotrim; Correa Erica Norma; Agnese Salvati. 2019. "Thermal performance of the Urban Weather Generator model as a tool for planning sustainable urban development." Geographica Pannonica 23, no. 4: 374-384.
Daniel Aelenei; Laura Aelenei; Rafaela A. Agathokleous; Francesco Asdrubali; Constantinos A. Balaras; Giorgio Baldinelli; Ilaria Ballarini; Umberto Berardi; Paolo Bertoldi; Francesco Bianchi; Fabio Bisegna; Chiara Burattini; Luisa F. Cabeza; Beatrice Castellani; Carlo Cecere; Maurizio Cellura; Heejin Cho; Helena Coch; Paolo Conti; Vincenzo Corrado; Edoardo Currà; Francesco D’Alessandro; Elena G. Dascalaki; Livio De Santoli; Umberto Desideri; Chuanshuai Dong; Luca Evangelisti; Enrico Fabrizio; Prudence Ferreira; Faidra Filippidou; Chiara Foglietta; David Gattie; Paola Gori; Walter Grassi; Claudia Guattari; Franco Gugliermetti; Patxi Hernandez; Pei Huang; Gongsheng Huang; Soteris A. Kalogirou; Katrin Klingenberg; Thomas M. Lawrence; Eleanor S. Lee; Peike Li; Sonia Longo; Roel Loonen; Lin Lu; Pedro J. Mago; Dario Masucci; Benedetta Mattoni; Michele Morganti; Elena Morini; Mojtaba Navvab; Xabat Oregi; Cosimo Palazzo; Stefano Panzieri; Marco Perino; Anna L. Pisello; Andrea Presciutti; Bale V. Reddy; Marc A. Rosen; Federico Rossi; Federica Rosso; Antonella Rotili; Agnese Salvati; Mattheos Santamouris; Samuele Schiavoni; Eva Schito; Valentina Serra; Ashlynn S. Stillwell; Daniele Testi; RuZhu Wang; Graham S. Wright; Hongxing Yang; Xiaoqiang Zhai; Tiantian Zhang. Contributors. Handbook of Energy Efficiency in Buildings 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleDaniel Aelenei, Laura Aelenei, Rafaela A. Agathokleous, Francesco Asdrubali, Constantinos A. Balaras, Giorgio Baldinelli, Ilaria Ballarini, Umberto Berardi, Paolo Bertoldi, Francesco Bianchi, Fabio Bisegna, Chiara Burattini, Luisa F. Cabeza, Beatrice Castellani, Carlo Cecere, Maurizio Cellura, Heejin Cho, Helena Coch, Paolo Conti, Vincenzo Corrado, Edoardo Currà, Francesco D’Alessandro, Elena G. Dascalaki, Livio De Santoli, Umberto Desideri, Chuanshuai Dong, Luca Evangelisti, Enrico Fabrizio, Prudence Ferreira, Faidra Filippidou, Chiara Foglietta, David Gattie, Paola Gori, Walter Grassi, Claudia Guattari, Franco Gugliermetti, Patxi Hernandez, Pei Huang, Gongsheng Huang, Soteris A. Kalogirou, Katrin Klingenberg, Thomas M. Lawrence, Eleanor S. Lee, Peike Li, Sonia Longo, Roel Loonen, Lin Lu, Pedro J. Mago, Dario Masucci, Benedetta Mattoni, Michele Morganti, Elena Morini, Mojtaba Navvab, Xabat Oregi, Cosimo Palazzo, Stefano Panzieri, Marco Perino, Anna L. Pisello, Andrea Presciutti, Bale V. Reddy, Marc A. Rosen, Federico Rossi, Federica Rosso, Antonella Rotili, Agnese Salvati, Mattheos Santamouris, Samuele Schiavoni, Eva Schito, Valentina Serra, Ashlynn S. Stillwell, Daniele Testi, RuZhu Wang, Graham S. Wright, Hongxing Yang, Xiaoqiang Zhai, Tiantian Zhang. Contributors. Handbook of Energy Efficiency in Buildings. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Aelenei; Laura Aelenei; Rafaela A. Agathokleous; Francesco Asdrubali; Constantinos A. Balaras; Giorgio Baldinelli; Ilaria Ballarini; Umberto Berardi; Paolo Bertoldi; Francesco Bianchi; Fabio Bisegna; Chiara Burattini; Luisa F. Cabeza; Beatrice Castellani; Carlo Cecere; Maurizio Cellura; Heejin Cho; Helena Coch; Paolo Conti; Vincenzo Corrado; Edoardo Currà; Francesco D’Alessandro; Elena G. Dascalaki; Livio De Santoli; Umberto Desideri; Chuanshuai Dong; Luca Evangelisti; Enrico Fabrizio; Prudence Ferreira; Faidra Filippidou; Chiara Foglietta; David Gattie; Paola Gori; Walter Grassi; Claudia Guattari; Franco Gugliermetti; Patxi Hernandez; Pei Huang; Gongsheng Huang; Soteris A. Kalogirou; Katrin Klingenberg; Thomas M. Lawrence; Eleanor S. Lee; Peike Li; Sonia Longo; Roel Loonen; Lin Lu; Pedro J. Mago; Dario Masucci; Benedetta Mattoni; Michele Morganti; Elena Morini; Mojtaba Navvab; Xabat Oregi; Cosimo Palazzo; Stefano Panzieri; Marco Perino; Anna L. Pisello; Andrea Presciutti; Bale V. Reddy; Marc A. Rosen; Federico Rossi; Federica Rosso; Antonella Rotili; Agnese Salvati; Mattheos Santamouris; Samuele Schiavoni; Eva Schito; Valentina Serra; Ashlynn S. Stillwell; Daniele Testi; RuZhu Wang; Graham S. Wright; Hongxing Yang; Xiaoqiang Zhai; Tiantian Zhang. 2019. "Contributors." Handbook of Energy Efficiency in Buildings , no. : 1.
Massimo Palme; Luis Inostroza; Agnese Salvati. Technomass and cooling demand in South America: a superlinear relationship? Building Research & Information 2018, 46, 864 -880.
AMA StyleMassimo Palme, Luis Inostroza, Agnese Salvati. Technomass and cooling demand in South America: a superlinear relationship? Building Research & Information. 2018; 46 (8):864-880.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMassimo Palme; Luis Inostroza; Agnese Salvati. 2018. "Technomass and cooling demand in South America: a superlinear relationship?" Building Research & Information 46, no. 8: 864-880.
Michele Morganti; Agnese Salvati; Helena Coch; Carlo Cecere. Urban morphology indicators for solar energy analysis. Energy Procedia 2017, 134, 807 -814.
AMA StyleMichele Morganti, Agnese Salvati, Helena Coch, Carlo Cecere. Urban morphology indicators for solar energy analysis. Energy Procedia. 2017; 134 ():807-814.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Morganti; Agnese Salvati; Helena Coch; Carlo Cecere. 2017. "Urban morphology indicators for solar energy analysis." Energy Procedia 134, no. : 807-814.
Although Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a fundamental effect modifying the urban climate, being widely studied, the relative weight of the parameters involved in its generation is still not clear. This paper investigates the hierarchy of importance of eight parameters responsible for UHI intensity in the Mediterranean context. Sensitivity analyses have been carried out using the Urban Weather Generator model, considering the range of variability of: 1) city radius, 2) urban morphology, 3) tree coverage, 4) anthropogenic heat from vehicles, 5) building's cooling set point, 6) heat released to canyon from HVAC systems, 7) wall construction properties and 8) albedo of vertical and horizontal surfaces. Results show a clear hierarchy of significance among the considered parameters; the urban morphology is the most important variable, causing a relative change up to 120% of the annual average UHI intensity in the Mediterranean context. The impact of anthropogenic sources of heat such as cooling systems and vehicles is also significant. These results suggest that urban morphology parameters can be used as descriptors of the climatic performance of different urban areas, easing the work of urban planners and designers in understanding a complex physical phenomenon, such as the UHI.
Agnese Salvati; Massimo Palme; Luis Inostroza. Key Parameters for Urban Heat Island Assessment in A Mediterranean Context: A Sensitivity Analysis Using the Urban Weather Generator Model. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2017, 245, 82055 .
AMA StyleAgnese Salvati, Massimo Palme, Luis Inostroza. Key Parameters for Urban Heat Island Assessment in A Mediterranean Context: A Sensitivity Analysis Using the Urban Weather Generator Model. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017; 245 (8):82055.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnese Salvati; Massimo Palme; Luis Inostroza. 2017. "Key Parameters for Urban Heat Island Assessment in A Mediterranean Context: A Sensitivity Analysis Using the Urban Weather Generator Model." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 245, no. 8: 82055.
The urban heat island (UHI) effect is constantly increasing the energy consumption of buildings, especially in summer periods. The energy gap between the estimated energy performance - often simulated without considering UHI - and the real operational consumption is especially relevant for institutional buildings, where the cooling needs are in general higher than in other kind of buildings, due to more internal gains (people, appliances) and different architectural design (more transparent façades and light walls). This paper presents a calculation of the energy penalty due to UHI in two institutional buildings in Rome. Urban Weather Generator (UWG) is used to generate a modified weather file, taking into account the UHI phenomenon. Then, two building performance simulations are done for each case: the first simulation uses a standard weather file and the second uses the modified one. Results shows how is it necessary to re-develop mitigation strategies and a new energy retrofit approach, in order to include urbanization ad UHI effect, especially in this kind of buildings, characterized by very poor conditions of comfort during summer, taking into account users and occupant-driven demand.
Claudia Calice; Carola Clemente; Agnese Salvati; Massimo Palme; Luis Inostroza. Urban Heat Island Effect on the Energy Consumption of Institutional Buildings in Rome. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2017, 245, 082015 .
AMA StyleClaudia Calice, Carola Clemente, Agnese Salvati, Massimo Palme, Luis Inostroza. Urban Heat Island Effect on the Energy Consumption of Institutional Buildings in Rome. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017; 245 (8):082015.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudia Calice; Carola Clemente; Agnese Salvati; Massimo Palme; Luis Inostroza. 2017. "Urban Heat Island Effect on the Energy Consumption of Institutional Buildings in Rome." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 245, no. 8: 082015.
This work explores the double effect of urban compactness on building energy performance in a Mediterranean climate, namely the increase of urban heat island (UHI) intensity and the decrease of solar radiation availability on building façades. The energy demand of a test apartment has been calculated under varying conditions of UHI intensity and solar radiation for different urban textures. Results show robust relationships between the energy demand and the ‘site coverage ratio’ of the buildings. This demonstrates that compact urban textures are more energy efficient than less dense urban patterns in a Mediterranean climate.Postprint (published version
Agnese Salvati; Helena Coch; Michele Morganti. Effects of urban compactness on the building energy performance in Mediterranean climate. Energy Procedia 2017, 122, 499 -504.
AMA StyleAgnese Salvati, Helena Coch, Michele Morganti. Effects of urban compactness on the building energy performance in Mediterranean climate. Energy Procedia. 2017; 122 ():499-504.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnese Salvati; Helena Coch; Michele Morganti. 2017. "Effects of urban compactness on the building energy performance in Mediterranean climate." Energy Procedia 122, no. : 499-504.
The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is particularly concerning in Mediterranean zone, as climate changeand UHI scenarios foresee a fast growth of energy consumption for next years, due to the widespread ofair conditioning systems and the increase of cooling demand. The UHI intensity is thus a key variable forthe prediction of energy needs in urban areas.This study investigates the intensity of UHI in Barcelona (Spain), the densest Mediterranean coastalcity, and its impact on cooling demand of residential buildings.The experimental analysis is based on temperature data from rural and urban Weather Stations andfield measurements at street level. The maximum average UHI intensity is found to be 2.8¿C in winterand 1.7¿C in summer, reaching 4.3¿C at street level. Simulations performed with EnergyPlus indicatethat the UHI intensity increases the sensible cooling load of residential buildings by around 18%–28%,depending on UHI intensity, amount of solar gains and cooling set point.In the light of the results, the UHI intensity in Mediterranean context should be properly consideredin performing energy evaluations for urban contexts, since standard meteorological data from airportweather stations are not found to be accurate enough.Postprint (author's final draft
Agnese Salvati; Helena Coch Roura; Carlo Cecere. Assessing the urban heat island and its energy impact on residential buildings in Mediterranean climate: Barcelona case study. Energy and Buildings 2017, 146, 38 -54.
AMA StyleAgnese Salvati, Helena Coch Roura, Carlo Cecere. Assessing the urban heat island and its energy impact on residential buildings in Mediterranean climate: Barcelona case study. Energy and Buildings. 2017; 146 ():38-54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnese Salvati; Helena Coch Roura; Carlo Cecere. 2017. "Assessing the urban heat island and its energy impact on residential buildings in Mediterranean climate: Barcelona case study." Energy and Buildings 146, no. : 38-54.
Agnese Salvati; Helena Coch Roura; Carlo Cecere. Urban heat island prediction in the mediterranean context: an evaluation of the urban weather generator model. ACE: Architecture, City and Environment 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleAgnese Salvati, Helena Coch Roura, Carlo Cecere. Urban heat island prediction in the mediterranean context: an evaluation of the urban weather generator model. ACE: Architecture, City and Environment. 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnese Salvati; Helena Coch Roura; Carlo Cecere. 2016. "Urban heat island prediction in the mediterranean context: an evaluation of the urban weather generator model." ACE: Architecture, City and Environment , no. : 1.