Oxyfluorfen, a diphenyl-ether herbicide is being used to control annual and perennial broad-leaved weeds and sedges in a variety of field crops including onion. The present study was aimed to investigate the dynamics and field persistence of oxyfluorfen in onion plant, bulb and soil under Indian tropical conditions. Application of four rates of oxyfluorfen viz., 200, 250, 300 and 400 g AI ha⁻¹ as pre-emergence gave good weed control in field experiment with onion. The oxyfluorfen residue dissipated faster in plant than in soil respectively, with a mean half-life of 6.1 and 11.2 days. Dissipation followed first-order kinetics. In laboratory column leaching experiments, 17 percent of the applied oxyfluorfen was recovered from the soil and indicates its solubility in water and mobility in sandy clay loam soil was low. A sorption study revealed that the adsorption of oxyfluorfen to the soil was highly influenced by the soil organic carbon with the K_oc value of 5450. The study concludes that the dissipation of oxyfluorfen in soil and onion was dependent on the physico-chemical properties of the soil and environmental conditions.

This review examines the role of regenerative farming practices in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and contributing to climate change mitigation through agroecological approaches. The study analyzes the effectiveness of key practices such as no-till, reduced tillage, crop rotations, and organic fertilizers in lowering emissions of CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄ across various agricultural systems worldwide. Review findings reveal that no-tillage significantly reduced CO₂ emissions by up to 47%, while crop rotations decreased N₂O emissions by 23–57% in irrigated crops. The global warming potential (GWP) reductions vary with crops and were 10.8% in barley, 13.7% in maize, 22.5% in rice, and 30.1% in soybean. Organic and regenerative practices also enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) by carbon sequestration, leading to overall reductions in GWP. Effective GHG mitigation was observed by combining various organic inputs with reduced tillage adoption in clover and wheat. The impact of these practices varies based on regional conditions and management strategies which have been revealed by the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis, encompassing 566 data points, showed that organic fertilizers reduced N₂O and CH₄ emissions by 0.81% and 2.34%, respectively, but increased CO₂ emissions by 3.83%. Cover crops lowered CO₂ emissions by 0.26% while increasing N₂O and CH₄ by 0.83% and 0.54%. Conservation tillage reduced all three gases. The high heterogeneity observed was attributed to variations in field conditions, soil properties, climate, and experimental duration. Overall, while individual GHG responses varied, the combined effect of regenerative practices showed a favorable reduction in total emissions compared to conventional practices. Optimizing organic amendments and nutrient management is essential to maximize their mitigation potential. Overall, organic and regenerative farming present viable strategies for reducing agriculture’s carbon footprint and promoting sustainable, climate-resilient food production systems.

Metamifop is a herbicide used for the control of annual grass weeds in rice. Agrochemicals leaching into aquatic environments are of concern due to their potential persistence. Thus, this study was undertaken to determine the terminal residue of metamifop in rice crop and soil. Field experiments with rice were conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India. Metamifop was applied during 2–3 and 5–6 leaf stages of the weeds at different doses, namely, 0, 75, 100, and 125 g active ingredient (ai) ha⁻¹. Paddy grains, straw, and soil samples were collected at harvest and analyzed for metamifop by HPLC. Residues were high in the plots which had received 125 g ai ha⁻¹ at 2–3 leaf and 5–6 leaf stage. Though the metamifop residues were below 10 µg kg⁻¹ in all substrates, N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-N-methylpropionamide, a metabolite of metamifop, was detected in the soil and grain ranged from 4 to 221 µg kg⁻¹. Hence, it is important to study the metamifop residue and its metabolites in soil and its biomagnification potential in crops.

The synthesis of nanoscale metals and non-metals is an intriguing subject, and the green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is increasingly utilized across various sectors, including environmental science, agriculture, engineering, and food processing. Traditionally, the production of nanoscale materials relies heavily on physical and chemical processes, which can lead to significant challenges such as high energy consumption and environmental contamination. Poor management of agricultural and industrial waste contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbates climate change and disrupts ecosystems. Conversely, green nanotechnology offers a safer alternative by leveraging biological materials, that inherently provide capping and reducing agents. This approach is not only more cost-effective but also results in lower pollution levels, thereby enhancing environmental safety. Green synthesis involves the reduction of metallic and non-metallic atoms using plant extracts, microorganisms, and agricultural waste instead of conventional harmful substances. The bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, play a critical role in the bioreduction of metals and the production of nanoparticles. There has been the increasing interest in utilizing these biological sources for green nanoparticle production over the past decade from their potential to serve as economical and environmentally friendly alternatives. Overall, green nanotechnology demonstrates its potential to revolutionize industries and pave the way for a more sustainable and resilient future.