This review summarizes the recent progress of atomic heterointerface engineering to overcome the activity limitation of electrocatalysts for water splitting and elaborates its electron effect and ensemble effect, etc.

We have developed a novel one-step, vapor-fed aerosol flame synthesis process to prepare surface Ti ³⁺ self-doped TiO ₂ by in situ surface hydrogenation. The sample shows effective photocatalyst activity under visible light irradiation because of the Ti ³⁺ ions doped on the surface.

Tailoring the surface sulfur chemistry of Ni₃S₂ can enrich Ni³⁺ and regulate Ni binding energy, thus intrinsically boosting the OER performance.