Dental caries is the most common oral disease, with high prevalence rates in adolescents and low-income and lower-middle-income countries. This disease originates from acid production by bacteria, leading to demineralization of the dental enamel and the formation of cavities. The treatment of caries remains a global challenge and the development of effective drug delivery systems is a potential strategy. In this context, different drug delivery systems have been investigated to remove oral biofilms and remineralize dental enamel. For a successful application of these systems, it is necessary that they remain adhered to the surfaces of the teeth to allow enough time for the removal of biofilms and enamel remineralization, thus, the use of mucoadhesive systems is highly encouraged. Among the systems used for this purpose, liquid crystalline systems, polymer-based nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles have demonstrated great potential for preventing and treating dental caries through their own antimicrobial and remineralization properties or through delivering drugs. Therefore, the present review addresses the main drug delivery systems investigated in the treatment and prevention of dental caries.

Dental caries and periodontitis continue to be significant oral health challenges. Traditional therapies typically manage infection and inflammation but seldom restore lost tissue. In this way, injectable hydrogels have emerged as versatile biomaterials that adapt to the complex anatomy of the dentin‐pulp complex and periodontal lesions. Generally speaking, by incorporating antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and pro‐regenerative cues, these hydrogels support localized disinfection, promote angiogenesis, and foster tissue regeneration. More specifically, recent advances in functionalizing hydrogels with growth factors, bioactive compounds, and dentin matrix components have effectively modulated inflammatory responses, stimulated host cell activity, and facilitated the formation of hard and soft tissue for regenerative endodontic therapies. In periodontology, engineered hydrogels have demonstrated their ability to deliver osteogenic, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory agents while also enabling the encapsulation of stem cells or extracellular vesicles, thereby enhancing cellular activity and supporting the regeneration of alveolar bone and soft tissue. This review summarizes recent advancements in injectable hydrogels for regenerating the dentin‐pulp complex and periodontal tissues, discussing their design principles, performance, and future directions. Although not exhaustive, it provides a comprehensive overview to inspire further research and innovation, encouraging the development of novel, easy‐to‐apply, and highly biocompatible multifunctional hydrogels for regenerative dental medicine.

Simulating a bacterial-induced pulpitis environment in vitro may contribute to exploring mechanisms and bioactive molecules to counteract these adverse effects.