Reliable ship detection in complex maritime optical imagery is a fundamental requirement for intelligent maritime monitoring and maritime automation systems. However, severe image degradation, large-scale variations, and background clutter often lead to feature ambiguity and unstable detection performance in real-world maritime environments. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a lightweight one-stage ship detection framework designed for robust real-time perception under degraded maritime sensing conditions. The proposed method incorporates an Adaptive Expert Selection Attention (AESA) mechanism to perform adaptive feature selection and background suppression under visually degraded conditions, together with a Geometry-Aware MultiScale Fusion (GAMF) module that enables orientation-aware aggregation of contextual information for elongated ship targets near complex sea–sky boundaries. In addition, a geometry-aware bounding box regression refinement is introduced to improve localization consistency in image space. Extensive experiments conducted on a unified real-world maritime benchmark demonstrate that the proposed framework consistently outperforms the baseline YOLO11n model by approximately 2–5 percentage points in terms of mAP@0.5 and mAP@0.5:0.95, while maintaining moderate computational complexity and real-time inference capability. These results indicate that the proposed method provides a practical and deployment-oriented perception solution for maritime automation applications, including onboard electro-optical sensing and coastal surveillance.

At present, piezoelectric actuators featuring both multi-directional output capability and autonomous backward motion suppression are scarce, which limits the application of piezoelectric actuation technology. To address this issue, inspired by the rapid opening-closing switching of crab claws during movement, a novel bionic crab-claw stick-slip piezoelectric actuator is designed based on the stick-slip actuation principle. The actuator adopts a symmetric structure and exhibits bi-directional motion characteristics and is equipped with a flexible hinge amplification mechanism for autonomous backward motion suppression. In this paper, the structural reliability is first verified through mechanical theoretical analysis and the finite element method. Then, an experimental platform is built, and a prototype is fabricated for experimental testing. The results show that the proposed actuator not only has high symmetry in bi-directional output performance but also demonstrates the effectiveness of the backward motion suppression mechanism in the designed comparative experiments. The mechanism can achieve high-speed motion at low frequencies, with a maximum speed of 4.58 mm/s, which exhibits a high speed under comparable dimensions and a lower driving frequency, and the maximum load capacity reaches 0.9 N.