KASP (KBioscience Competitive Allele Specific PCR) and Amplifluor (Amplification with fluorescence) SNP markers are two prominent technologies based upon a shared identical Allele-specific PCR platform. Amplifluor-like SNP and KASP analysis was carried out using published and own design of Universal probes (UPs) and Gene-specific primers (GSPs). Advantages of the Amplifluor-like system over KASP include the significantly lower costs and much greater flexibility in the adjustment and development of ‘self-designed’ dual fluorescently-labelled UPs and regular GSPs. The presented results include optimisation of ‘tail’ length in UPs and GSPs, protocol adjustment, and the use of various fluorophores in different qPCR instruments. The compatibility of the KASP Master-mix in both original and Amplifluor-like systems has been demonstrated in the presented results, proving their similar principles. Results of SNP scoring with rare alleles in addition to more frequently occurring alleles are shown. The Amplifluor-like system produces SNP genotyping results with a level of sensitivity and accuracy comparable to KASP but at a significantly cheaper cost and with much greater flexibility for UPs with self-designed GSPs.

Vegetable Solanaceae crops—tomato, pepper, eggplant, and potato—are increasingly cultivated in controlled environments where light is managed both as an energy source and as a developmental and stress-regulatory signal. Programmable spectra, photoperiods, and intensities interact with heat, drought, salinity, chilling, and nutrient limitation, generating complex physiological responses that cannot be explained by transcriptional regulation alone. This review highlights post-transcriptional RNA regulation as a key interface linking light perception with stress adaptation in vegetable Solanaceae . We focus on four regulatory layers—alternative splicing, RNA stability and decay, small RNAs pathways, and translational control—that determine which transcripts are processed, stabilized, degraded, or translated under specific environmental histories. Evidence from tomato, pepper, and potato indicates that RNA-level regulation contributes to stress responses, developmental flexibility, and genotype-specific acclimation. However, direct mechanistic links between defined photoreceptor pathways and specific post-transcriptional processes remain limited in Solanaceae ; therefore, mechanisms established in Arabidopsis and other model plants are treated here as testable hypotheses rather than confirmed crop mechanisms. We further discuss how machine learning can integrate multi-omics and environmental datasets to identify predictive regulatory modules connecting light regimes with stress resilience and crop performance. Progress in this field will depend on experiments that combine precise light and microclimate monitoring with isoform-resolved transcriptomics, small RNAs/degradome analyses, RNA stability measurements, and translatome profiling. Such integration can transform controlled-environment Solanaceae research from descriptive stress omics to predictive, mechanism-based crop management.

In protected cultivation, light intensity, spectral quality, red/far-red ratio, photoperiod and diel fluctuation can alter the belowground biological environment by modifying carbon allocation, root architecture, root exudation, nutrient acquisition, immune tone and rhizosphere physicochemistry. Direct community-level evidence in vegetables remains sparse, but targeted experiments on bacterial colonization, arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, beneficial fungi and root pathogens show that light can condition specific plant–microbe interactions. This review develops a molecular framework for light–root–microbiome interactions in protected vegetable crops and distinguishes direct community evidence, targeted colonization or symbiosis evidence, crop-specific indirect evidence and mechanistic analogues. We synthesize how photoreceptors and PIF-, HY5-, hormone- and immunity-related pathways regulate root niche construction, while also considering direct microbial photoreception. Experimental examples include tomato rhizosphere responses to shading, R:FR-dependent colonization by Serratia plymuthica, phyB–HY5–strigolactone control of tomato mycorrhization, light-intensity effects on lettuce–AMF interactions, spectrum-dependent Trichoderma harzianum colonization and light sensing by Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum. The evidence supports the view that light acts as a conditional regulator whose effects depend on crop genotype, microbial partner, substrate, nutrient status and developmental stage. Progress will require factorial lighting experiments coupled with exudomics, stable-isotope tracing, absolute microbial quantification, isolate genomics, synthetic communities and pathogen-challenge assays.