During the COVID-19 pandemic, the problem of the population’s adherence to vaccination has become significantly aggravated around the world. This study is aimed at evaluating healthcare workers’ (HCWs) acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination in Russia. A cross-sectional multicenter study was carried out by interviewing HCWs in Russia using an electronic questionnaire and snowball sampling. The analysis included 85,216 questionnaires from 81 out of 85 regions of Russia. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.22. The results indicated that 35.0% (CI 95%, 34.7–35.3) of HCWs were ready to get COVID-19 vaccination. The acceptance level was 42.4% (41.8–42.9) for all physicians and 31.3% (30.9–31.6) for nursing staff. A total of 29.4% (29.1–29.7) of HCWs were willing to recommend COVID-19 vaccination to patients: 38.5% (38.0–39.1) of physicians, and 24.7% (24.4–25.1) of nursing staff. Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination is higher among HCWs dealing with infectious diseases and involved in vaccination. The low acceptance of HCWs toward vaccination against COVID-19 can be explained by the low level of awareness of HCWs in these issues. Additional educational programs are needed for HCWs, both for physicians and nurses, using all possible forms and methods of education.

Background.Infectious and non-infectious diseases of the digestive system are common in Russia and worldwide and have major social and economic significance, yet the importance of infectious diseases in development of chronic digestive disorders is not adequately studied. The study aims to define epidemiologic charateristics of non-infectious diseases of the digestive system and to assess the influence of enteric infections on chronic digestive disorders development.Materials and methods.The authors conducted a retrospective epidemiologic analysis of incidence and prevalence of infectious and non-infectious digestive diseases in Russia in the period between 2002 and 2017 and in-depth for 2010–2017. Statistical analysis was done using least square method, Pearson correlation and regression analysis and statistical processing was performed using the Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics software. Findings. During the incidence growth period for non-infectious diseases (2010–2015) in Russia a strong positive correlation is detected between incidences of infectious and non-infectious digestive diseases. In particular, Hepatithis A, Enterovirus, Rotavirus and Norovirus infections have to most significant impact on liver, biliary tract diseases, pancreas and intestinal diseases.Conclusion.Enteric infections increase the risk of development of chronic digestive diseases. Prevention of infectious diseases will allow to decrease incidence of chronic digestive diseases

Vaccination is the most cost-effective method of preventing COVID-19; however, data on its effect on patients with multimorbidity is limited. The aim was to evaluate the effect of vaccination against new coronavirus infection (NCI) in patients with multimorbid pathology in hospital treatment on the outcome of COVID-19 disease. An analysis was carried out of 1832 records of patients in one of the COVID-19 hospitals in Moscow for 2020–2022. Statistical analysis was carried out using the StatTech v. 3.1.3 software, and the binary logistic regression (BLR) method was used to obtain prognostic models. The median age of patients was 69 years, and 76% of them had received two vaccine doses. To assess the outcome of the disease, two prognostic models were obtained depending on the presence of a multimorbidity in patients: cardiovascular pathology and/or atherosclerosis and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus (Model 1) or atherosclerosis and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or encephalopathy (Model 2), against the background of the presence or absence of vaccination against NCI. When assessing the outcome of NCI in Model 1, the odds of death decreased by 3.228 times with two doses of Sputnik V in patients with multimorbidity. According to Model 2, for patients with multimorbidity, the chances of death decreased by 3.281 times with two doses of Sputnik V. The presence of two doses of Sputnik V increased the likelihood of recovery in patients with multimorbidity by more than three times.

Relevance. Measles remains one of the most contagious infections in the world; despite the availability of an effective vaccine, disease outbreaks continue to be reported in both lowand high-immunization-coverage countries. The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruptions in healthcare systems and led to the accumulation of a susceptible population, making a comparative analysis of the epidemic process in countries with different social and climatic conditions, such as Vietnam and the Russian Federation, relevant for understanding common patterns and regional features. Aim. To compare the main epidemiological characteristics of measles in Vietnam and the Russian Federation from 2000 to 2024. Materials and Methods. A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted based on statistical data from open sources of the WHO (JRF, WUENIC) and national epidemiological surveillance systems. Incidence rates per 100,000 population, coverage rates for one and two doses of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine were analyzed. Results. In both countries, cyclical patterns in the epidemic process persist with intervals of 2–5 years. In Vietnam, against a background of high (94 ± 3.33 %) but unstable vaccination coverage, a general trend towards decreasing incidence after 2007 is observed. In the Russian Federation, with more stable and high coverage (97.9 ± 0.26 % for MMR-1), an increasing incidence phase has been observed since 2008 (average annual growth rate of 25.2 %), reaching its maximum for the entire observation period in 2024 (15.51 per 100,000). The age structure of incidence in both countries is characterized by predominant involvement of children under 1 year and 2–4 years; however, in the Russian Federation, the most recent upsurge also involved children aged 5–9 years. A relative synchronicity of rises and declines in incidence was identified between the two countries, including a decline during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022) and a subsequent sharp increase in 2023–2024. Conclusion. Despite differences in vaccination schedules and climate, the measles epidemic process in Vietnam and the Russian Federation is characterized by similar cyclical patterns. Consistently high national average vaccination coverage does not guarantee the absence of outbreaks and may mask local immunity gaps. The increasing incidence in the Russian Federation, despite high coverage, may be associated with the accumulation of non-immune populations among adults, imported cases, and vaccination deficiencies in certain groups. The obtained data justify the need for monitoring immunization at the subnational level, catch-up vaccination, and considering adjustments to the immunization schedule (towards earlier initiation of vaccination) to reduce incidence among young children.

Aim. To study the relationship of the incidence of infectious and non-infectious diseases of the digestive system.Materials and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of the population of the Russian Federation by diseases of the digestive system of an infectious and non-infectious nature for the period of 2002-2019. The data were sampled from state statistics forms No. 2, No. 23; determining the relationships between these disease groups using Pearson correlation methods and linear regression. A case-control study by questioning a sample of 107 people.Results. A parallel increase in the incidence of diseases of the digestive system of a non-infectious and infectious nature is observed. The most pronounced increase is in the incidence of viral infections. Strong correlation exists between rotavirus infection and diseases of the liver, pancreas, intestines; between norovirus infection and diseases of the liver, pancreas; enterovirus infection and pancreatic disease; as well as hepatitis A and gallbladder diseases. Patients suffering from chronic non-infectious diseases of the digestive system, with a reliably high chance, often suffer from acute intestinal infections, rotavirus infection, hepatitis A, and are also better aware of their etiology than those who do not have such diseases.Conclusion. Prevention of infectious diseases of the digestive system will reduce the incidence of noncommunicable diseases associated with them.

Aim. To analyze long-term trends and age-specific patterns of S. sonnei and S. flexneri incidence in the Russian Federation over the period 2009–2024. Materials and methods . A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the federal statistical surveillance (Form No. 2 «Information on infectious and parasitic diseases») for 2009–2024. Incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 population. Average annual incidence rates (AAIR) were computed as arithmetic means of annual values. The average annual rate of decline (increase) in incidence (AAR) was estimated from the linear regression coefficient to assess long-term trends. Statistical significance of differences was evaluated using Student's t-test, and confidence intervals were calculated by the Wald method. Results . The incidence of both shigellosis forms continued to decline, but the pace slowed down: for S. flexneri , AAR changed from -25.8 % (2003–2009) to -12.6 % (2009–2024); for S. sonnei , from -17.4 % to -11.6 %. Since 2022, the incidence of S. sonnei has for the first time significantly exceeded that of S. flexneri (previously S. flexneri had dominated for many years). Over the study period, the epidemic process of S. flexneri was characterized by a lack of pronounced cyclicity and a persistent shift of the highest incidence towards the youngest age groups (children under 1 year and 1–2 years; AAIR 14.11 and 17.69, respectively), indicating a predominantly contact-household transmission route. In contrast, S. sonnei showed regular periodic rises every 2–4 years, with peak incidence in children aged 3–6 years (AAIR 10.38); the proportion of cases among children aged 7–14 years was high (22.1 %). Discussion. The identified shift in the ratio of pathogens (predominance of S. sonnei since 2022) is consistent with international data and may be considered a marker of improved sanitary and hygienic conditions. The decline in incidence in 2020–2021 is attributed to anti-epidemic measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. The parallel dynamics of S. flexneri incidence among children under 2 years of age and adults indirectly indicates a predominantly familial (contact-household) mode of transmission under current conditions of centralized water supply, whereas the distinct dynamics observed among children aged 3–6 and 7–14 years point to the role of organized groups in the spread of S. sonnei. Conclusion . Divergent changes were identified in the age structure and incidence ratio of S. sonnei and S. flexneri shigellosis, particularly pronounced in the post-pandemic period (since 2022).