Purpose. To identify the potential key genes and molecular pathways associated with keratoconus and allergic disease. Methods. The pubmed2ensembl database was used to identify the text mining genes (TMGs) collectively involved in keratoconus and allergic disease. The GeneCodis program was used to perform the Gene Ontology (GO) biological process and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of TMGs. The protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network of the TMGs was established by STRING; the significant gene modules and hub genes of PPI were further performed using the Cytoscape software. The DAVID database was used to perform the GO and KEGG analyses of the significant module. Results. In total, 98 TMGs collectively involved in keratoconus and allergic disease were identified. 19 enriched biological processes including 71 genes and 25 enriched KEGG pathways including 59 genes were obtained. A TMG PPI network was constructed, and 51 genes/nodes were identified with 110 edges; 3 most significant modules and 12 hub genes were chosen from the PPIs. GO enrichment analysis showed that the TMGs were primarily associated with collagen catabolic process, extracellular matrix organization and disassembly, cell adhesion and migration, collagen‐containing extracellular matrix, extracellular matrix, and structure organization. KEGG pathway analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly involved in the IL‐17 signaling pathway, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, allograft rejection, T cell receptor signaling pathway, cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction, and TNF signaling pathway. Conclusions. The results revealed that IL10, IL6, MMP9, MMP1, HGF, VEGFA, MMP3, MMP2, TGFB1, IL4, IL2, and IFNG were potential key genes involved in keratoconus. IL‐17 signaling pathway was the potential pathways accounting for pathogenesis and development of keratoconus.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been coexisted with us, and corticosteroids are now recommended for patients with severe COVID-19 respiratory failure. Steroid treatments may increase intraocular pressure (IOP) and steroid-induced glaucoma (SIG). This study reported a rapid IOP elevation in a COVID-19 pneumonia child treated with systemic steroids within 3 days. Steroid-induced ocular hypertension (SIOH) during pneumonia treatment has not been previously reported. Case Description: The 6-year-old Chinese girl was diagnosed with COVID-19 and presented with pulmonary exudative lesions. Intravenous steroid (methylprednisolone, 1 mg/kg/12 h) was administered to control the inflammatory reaction on the fourth day post-infection. The child complained of ocular pain in the left eye (OS) after 3 days of steroid application. A high IOP of 40 mmHg in the right eye (OD) and 60 mmHg (OS) was detected. Following the exclusion of elevated IOP secondary to COVID-19 infection, SIOH was considered as a potential etiology. The IOP was effectively controlled through prompt tapering of systemic steroids and the immediate initiation of IOP-lowering therapy, including intravenous mannitol and topical antiglaucoma medications. Conclusions: Clinicians treating COVID-19 in hospitals should pay attention to SIOH or SIG risk, especially in pediatric patients.

Ambulatory surgery (same-day or day surgery) is an efficient medical practice. However, there were few reports regarding the safety of ophthalmic ambulatory surgery for children under general anesthesia. This study aims to explore its clinical complications. A retrospective observational study. The clinical data of pediatric patients who received ambulatory ophthalmic surgery under general anesthesia at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University from January 2015 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Postoperative complications, unplanned reoperation, delayed discharge, and other adverse events were analyzed. Consecutive patients (N = 4,616) had an average age of 4.6 ± 2.6 years. The primary surgical procedures included chalazion incision and curettage (62.89%), strabismus surgery (18.98%), trichiasis surgery (14.36%), eyelid or orbital mass resection (2.49%), blepharoptosis surgery (0.91%), and other procedures (0.37%). The average operative time was 25.28 ± 20.45 minutes (n = 2,698), while the average length of hospital stay was 8.45 ± 2.61 hours. No serious adverse events or death happened. One case had delayed postoperative hemorrhage, one had a postoperative infection, and two had delayed discharge. The rate of unplanned reoperation was 0.39% 90 days after surgery, with recurrence of chalazion and postoperative complications of ptosis as the primary reasons. Pediatric ophthalmic ambulatory surgery under general anesthesia is a feasible and efficient operation mode with few complications for simple procedures with good general conditions. Further randomized controlled studies are needed to provide strong evidence of the safety and socioeconomic efficacy of this mode.