SUMMARY The production quantity of poultry products is increasing in the world economy with every passing day. The increase in chick quality is synonymous with the increase in the number of saleable chicks in terms of the poultry industry. In addition, in order to obtain high-quality products, one should start production with high-quality chicks as well as providing the ideal environmental conditions starting from the first day of incubation. The additive gene effects on chick quality are very low, whereas environmental factors have a large effect. Environmental factors affecting chick quality can be classified as egg storage period and conditions, age and genotype of breeder flock, incubation conditions, incubation types and post-hatch handling. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used to determine chick quality. The quantitative methods employed include such morphological measurements as chick weight, chick length, leg length, chest circumference, and the diameter of shank. The qualitative methods used to determine chick quality are visual assessment-based methods which are called the Pasgar score and the Tona score. In recent years, the Tona and Pasgar methods have been used frequently in studies carried out with respect to measuring the effects of various environmental practices on chick quality. This paper aims to review the studies carried out concerning chick quality, the factors influencing chick quality, and the determination of chick quality and makes some suggestions for future studies to be conducted on chick quality assessment.

In livestock enterprises, with the developing technology, the use of automation instead of control with manpower has become widespread. With the use of automation, it provides easy and reliable production, healthy product, decrease of labor force, prevention of economic losses, periodic and systematic operation and keeping data record regularly. In this way, it is possible to evaluate all records of animal production in digital environment. Control element (PC, PLC, PIC, Microprocessor, Electronic Cards), Activation Element (Motors, Cylinders, motion elements, etc.), Process (Production, temperature, control, chemical, events, etc.), Adjustment in automation used in animal husbandry Element (Acceleration, Angle, Speed, Flow, Encoders, Force, Load, Price, Pressure, Temperature, Slope, Torsion, Vibration Measurement Elements). Thanks to the intelligent sensors and controllers of these elements, feed and water of animals are recorded from central computers in automation control. In the studies, S7-300 PLC was used to carry out the general operation and collect the data. In addition, SCADA is used for central system supervision and control, data collection and storage, irrigation and feeding, warning and warning for security. In this study, it is aimed to give information about the use of automation in industrial animal husbandry enterprises.

The decreasing food resources are the main factors that negatively affect the increasing population and production capacity around the world. In particular, due to global warming and climate change, the required nutrient resources are limited. This triggers the search for alternative resources in animal production. One of the main problems faced by animal production is the inadequacy of feed resources. In recent years, various alternative feed sources have been found to solve this problem. However, it has only been a solution for nutrition. In recent studies, biochar has been found to be both a feed source and capable of preventing global environmental problems. Biochar is generally a solid by-product with added value, formed because of the thermochemical conversion of waste biomass resulting from industrial, forest, plant and animal production. Biochar; while previously used as litter material in animal production, in recent years it has started to be used as an alternative feed source. It has begun to be used as a food source for many animals species, especially ruminants, monogastrics, poultry and aquaculture. The results of many studies indicate that biochar provides significant improvement in yield and performance characteristics such as meat, milk and eggs. It is most striking features include significantly reducing emissions generated during the breeding of different animals species and increasing environmental sustainability. The aim of this study was to provide information about the use of biochar as an alternative feed source in animal nutrition.