In this work, an adaptive mixed-step size normalized least means fourth (MSSNLMF) approach for a voltage source converter (VSC) is employed to regulate the voltage and frequency in the stand-alone power generation system. Moreover, this control also compensates load reactive power, suppresses load harmonics in supply system, and neutralizes the effects of load unbalance on supply terminals. Furthermore, the proposed VSC control provides a faster dynamic response, less steady-state error, and improves stability during fundamental weight component extraction under intermittent conditions. This stand-alone system consists of a solar photovoltaic (SPV) array, a wind turbine-powered self-excited induction generator (SEIG), and battery energy storage (BES). Conventional battery control employs a proportional-integral control technique, which can lead to stability issues. Thus, in the proposed study, a bidirectional dc-dc converter (BDC) control mechanism is employed, which improves stability and simplifies controller design. The experimental result findings on a laboratory prototype have validated the developed control method for VSC. It is evident that the power quality (PQ) of the proposed system is also improved during changes in wind speed, solar insolation, and dynamics in nonlinear load. Moreover, the proposed control settles within 19 ms, meeting the 2% limit, whereas the existing algorithms exhibit fluctuations exceeding 5% during load perturbation.

Purpose: Inverse distance weighted (IDW) functions are utilized to make models of heterogenous materials such as functionally graded materials (FGM) in computer aided design (CAD). However, the use of IDW function based FGM for stress concentration reduction is scarcely available in the literature. The present work aims to analyze and reduce the stress concentration around a circular hole in IDW function-based finite FGM panel under biaxial loading.Design/methodology/approach: Extended finite element method (XFEM) model was prepared using MATLAB to investigate the effect of geometrical and material parameters on the stress concentration factor (SCF). The obtained results of IDW FGM are compared with homogeneous material as well as two different FGMs based on the power-law function.Findings: It was observed that the IDW function based FGM is simple in material modeling, conformal with all domain boundaries and shows lower stress concentration in comparison with the homogeneous material case. While comparing IDW FGM with power-law based FGMs, it was observed that the IDW FGM has least values of stress concentration for low d/W (diameter of the hole to panel width ratio) and is comparable with power-law based FGMs for high d/W.Originality/value: It can be stated that IDW FGM is highly suitable for stress concentration reduction in finite panels with d/W = 0.5, which can further be intended for obtaining optimum hole and panel designs.

The current chapter presents a novel modified complex coefficient filter-based phase-locked loop (MCCF-PLL) control technique for managing a single-phase grid-linked photovoltaic (PV) system integrated with an electric vehicle (EV) charging station. Designed for residential applications, this system enables efficient bi-directional power transfer, supports grid stability, and increases renewable energy usage. A bidirectional inverter serves as both an EV charger and a grid-interfacing converter, operating in multiple modes such as charging the EV battery, supplying stored energy back to the grid, and storing excess grid energy during low demand. The MCCF-PLL-based control system coordinates power flow among EV batteries, household loads, and the grid. MATLAB simulations validate the system's performance, showing enhanced power quality, grid stabilization during peak loads, and reliable backup power during blackouts. The system also meets IEEE-519 standards by keeping total harmonic distortion (THD) at 5%.