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Zheng Ma
SDU Health Informatics and Technology, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Methodology
Published: 24 June 2021 in Energy Informatics
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Due to the complexity of business ecosystems, the architecture of business ecosystems has not been well discussed in the literature, and modeling or simulation of business ecosystems has been rarely focused. Therefore, this paper proposes a business ecosystem ontology and introduces a methodology for business ecosystem architecture design. The proposed methodology includes five stages: 1) Boundary identification of a business ecosystem; 2) Identification of actors and their roles in the business ecosystem; 3) Identification of actors’ value propositions; 4) Identification of interaction between actors; 5) Verification of business ecosystem architecture design. This paper uses the Danish electricity system as an example to introduce the methodology, and use Electric Vehicle home charging as a case study to demonstrate the application of the developed methodology. The case study demonstrates that the proposed methodology is a systematic approach and can be easily applied to any ecosystem architecture design with the five stages, and the designed ecosystem architecture can represent the physical system and business. Several definitions are clarified in the paper, e.g., actor, role, interaction, ecosystem roadmap and expanded/shifted ecosystem, etc. With clear definitions, the proposed methodology provides a visualized, clear structure of behaviors and specifications for a given business ecosystem.

ACS Style

Zheng Ma; Kristoffer Christensen; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Business ecosystem architecture development: a case study of Electric Vehicle home charging. Energy Informatics 2021, 4, 1 -37.

AMA Style

Zheng Ma, Kristoffer Christensen, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Business ecosystem architecture development: a case study of Electric Vehicle home charging. Energy Informatics. 2021; 4 (1):1-37.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zheng Ma; Kristoffer Christensen; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. 2021. "Business ecosystem architecture development: a case study of Electric Vehicle home charging." Energy Informatics 4, no. 1: 1-37.

Review
Published: 15 May 2021 in Energies
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The increasing number of distributed energy resources in the distribution grids creates the risk of grid congestion and the high cost of grid expansion. The implementation of the dynamic distribution grid tariffs can potentially avoid grid congestion. Meanwhile, the design and implementation of any distribution tariff need to consider and match the regional/national requirements. However, there is no sufficient evaluation method available to review and evaluate the feasibility of the dynamic distribution tariffs. Therefore, this paper introduces a feasibility evaluation method with four dimensions of technical, economic, social, and regulatory to review dynamic distribution tariffs. The literature on dynamic distribution tariffs is collected, and 29 dynamic distribution tariffs are selected and further categorized into five attributes of rationale, cost drivers, dynamics, events, and active demand. The evaluation results show that the time-of-use tariff is the most feasible dynamic distribution tariff, and the review of a proposed future distribution tariff model in Denmark verifies the evaluation method and results. The developed feasibility evaluation method for dynamic distribution tariffs can ensure the design and implementation of a dynamic distribution tariff to be feasible and applicable in a region.

ACS Style

Kristoffer Christensen; Zheng Ma; Bo Jørgensen. Technical, Economic, Social and Regulatory Feasibility Evaluation of Dynamic Distribution Tariff Designs. Energies 2021, 14, 2860 .

AMA Style

Kristoffer Christensen, Zheng Ma, Bo Jørgensen. Technical, Economic, Social and Regulatory Feasibility Evaluation of Dynamic Distribution Tariff Designs. Energies. 2021; 14 (10):2860.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kristoffer Christensen; Zheng Ma; Bo Jørgensen. 2021. "Technical, Economic, Social and Regulatory Feasibility Evaluation of Dynamic Distribution Tariff Designs." Energies 14, no. 10: 2860.

Conference paper
Published: 01 October 2020 in 2020 RIVF International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies (RIVF)
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There is an increasing demand for industry-specific solutions for optimizing production processes with the transitions towards Industry 4.0. The commercial greenhouse sector relies heavily on optimal use of energy with multiple new concepts introduced in recent years e.g. vertical farming and urban agriculture. Digital twins allow utilizing the Internet of Things and big data to simulate the alternative operation strategies without compromising current operation. This paper aims to present the development of a digital twin of the commercial greenhouse production process as a part of the recently launched EUDP funded project Greenhouse Industry 4.0 in Denmark. This digital twin allows using big data and the Internet of Things to optimize the greenhouse production process and communicate with other digital twins representing essential areas in the greenhouse (climate and energy). This digital twin can estimate future states of the greenhouse by using past and real-time data inputs from databases, sensors, and spot markets. This paper also introduces a Smart Industry Architecture Model Framework for the discussion of the required data architecture of the digital twin for the greenhouse production flow which ensures a correct data architecture for the data exchange across all entities in the system.

ACS Style

Daniel Anthony Howard; Zheng Ma; Jesper Mazanti Aaslyng; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Data Architecture for Digital Twin of Commercial Greenhouse Production. 2020 RIVF International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies (RIVF) 2020, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Daniel Anthony Howard, Zheng Ma, Jesper Mazanti Aaslyng, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Data Architecture for Digital Twin of Commercial Greenhouse Production. 2020 RIVF International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies (RIVF). 2020; ():1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Anthony Howard; Zheng Ma; Jesper Mazanti Aaslyng; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. 2020. "Data Architecture for Digital Twin of Commercial Greenhouse Production." 2020 RIVF International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies (RIVF) , no. : 1-7.

Conference paper
Published: 01 October 2020 in 2020 RIVF International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies (RIVF)
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Commercial greenhouses in Denmark account for 0.7% of the total Danish electricity consumption in 2017. 75% of the consumption is estimated to come from artificial light. Artificial light in the greenhouses is identified as a major potential to provide energy flexibility through demand response. Energy flexibility in greenhouses is depending on the electricity price and weather conditions as artificial light is managed in relation to natural light and hourly electricity prices. Therefore, this paper investigates commercial greenhouse growers’ adoption behavior of implicit demand response enabled software solutions in different geographical regions with different weather conditions and electricity markets. The simulation of the greenhouses is developed as an agent-based system. The paper uses Denmark as the baseline model, the UK for market comparison with Denmark, and Spain and Denmark for analyzing the adoption rate’s sensitivity to solar irradiation. The results reveal that higher electricity prices and more solar irradiation result in faster adoption and the adoption rate is more sensitive to electricity price than solar irradiation.

ACS Style

Kristoffer Christensen; Zheng Ma; Yves Demazeau; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Agent-based Modeling of Climate and Electricity Market Impact on Commercial Greenhouse Growers’ Demand Response Adoption. 2020 RIVF International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies (RIVF) 2020, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Kristoffer Christensen, Zheng Ma, Yves Demazeau, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Agent-based Modeling of Climate and Electricity Market Impact on Commercial Greenhouse Growers’ Demand Response Adoption. 2020 RIVF International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies (RIVF). 2020; ():1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kristoffer Christensen; Zheng Ma; Yves Demazeau; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. 2020. "Agent-based Modeling of Climate and Electricity Market Impact on Commercial Greenhouse Growers’ Demand Response Adoption." 2020 RIVF International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies (RIVF) , no. : 1-7.

Conference paper
Published: 10 September 2020 in Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
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This paper introduces the ongoing research conducted on enabling industrial greenhouse growers to optimize production using multi-agent systems and digital twin technology. The project seeks to develop a production process framework for greenhouses, based on several case studies, that can be applied to different greenhouse facilities to enable a broad implementation in the industrial horticulture sector. The research will incorporate AI technology to support the production process agent in forecasting and learning optimal operating conditions within set parameters that will be feedback to the grower through a common information model. Furthermore, the production agent will communicate with other process agents to co-optimize the essential aspects of production. In turn, this allows the growers to optimize the production cost with minimal risk to product quality while aiding in upholding grid stability. The findings in this research project may be beneficial for developing industry-specific energy flexibility solutions incorporating product and process constraints.

ACS Style

Daniel Anthony Howard; Zheng Ma; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Digital Twin Framework for Energy Efficient Greenhouse Industry 4.0. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2020, 293 -297.

AMA Style

Daniel Anthony Howard, Zheng Ma, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Digital Twin Framework for Energy Efficient Greenhouse Industry 4.0. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2020; ():293-297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Anthony Howard; Zheng Ma; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. 2020. "Digital Twin Framework for Energy Efficient Greenhouse Industry 4.0." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 293-297.

Review
Published: 07 February 2020 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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Energy flexibility in district heating systems with the combination of different heating units can balance the energy system and contribute to the sustainability of future energy systems. However, there is lack of literature on the overview of energy flexibility in district heating. To fill the research gap, this paper firstly conducts a review study of district heating system components, markets and the energy flexibility potentials in district heating. The result of the literature review shows that there is no literature on stakeholders in the energy flexibility of smart district heating in relation to the integration of energy flexible buildings and smart technologies. Therefore, a survey is conducted to investigate the stakeholder's perception and motivation on smart district heating grids using energy flexible buildings. Based on the discussion with a modified Smart District Heating Architecture Model framework, our findings reveal that there seems to be a market for intelligent district heating concepts, the renewable energy use in district heating grids is important for stakeholders and there is flexibility potential in utilizing heat sources. However, there are technical, political and economic challenges in utilizing district heating, the energy flexibility market in district heating is not ready, and the social aspects regarding the intelligent use of district heating are not yet fully explored.

ACS Style

Zheng Ma; Armin Knotzer; Joy Dalmacio Billanes; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. A literature review of energy flexibility in district heating with a survey of the stakeholders’ participation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2020, 123, 109750 .

AMA Style

Zheng Ma, Armin Knotzer, Joy Dalmacio Billanes, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. A literature review of energy flexibility in district heating with a survey of the stakeholders’ participation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2020; 123 ():109750.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zheng Ma; Armin Knotzer; Joy Dalmacio Billanes; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. 2020. "A literature review of energy flexibility in district heating with a survey of the stakeholders’ participation." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 123, no. : 109750.

Conference paper
Published: 01 February 2020 in 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)
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Microgrids can increase the security of supply of electricity systems, and also can support to achieve a carbon-free electricity system in the areas where the security of supply is close to 100%. Besides technical aspects, characteristics such as optimum design, cost consideration factors and different technologies have to be addressed. Meanwhile, there are challenges for cost-effective carbon-free microgrids due to intermittency and fluctuation issues. Therefore, energy storage technologies have been proposed to facilitate the transition to a CO2 emission-free solution. This paper proposes a framework to analyze the feasibility of energy storage technologies for microgrids. The method considers input requirements and issues such as economic feasibility, energy technology selection, renewability assessment, storage capability, etc. The method is applied in a case of a Danish island to achieve the overall goal of having a 100% renewable portfolio. Several storage technologies are evaluated with three defined criteria. The result shows that it is possible to obtain a feasible solution with the application of energy storage technologies in the island with a drawback of increasing the final energy cost.

ACS Style

Athila Santos; Zheng Ma; Mads Agergaard; Sebastian Frejo Rasmussen; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Analysis of Energy Storage Technologies for Island Microgrids: A Case study of the Ærø Island in Denmark. 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT) 2020, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Athila Santos, Zheng Ma, Mads Agergaard, Sebastian Frejo Rasmussen, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Analysis of Energy Storage Technologies for Island Microgrids: A Case study of the Ærø Island in Denmark. 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT). 2020; ():1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athila Santos; Zheng Ma; Mads Agergaard; Sebastian Frejo Rasmussen; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. 2020. "Analysis of Energy Storage Technologies for Island Microgrids: A Case study of the Ærø Island in Denmark." 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT) , no. : 1-5.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2020 in 2019 6th International Conference on Dependable Systems and Their Applications (DSA)
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Political focus has in recent years focused on climate and energy efficiency as part of the global goals of a fossil-free future. The introduction of the term industry 4.0, the fourth industrial revolution, provides a solution. Industry 4.0 seeks to combine the real and virtual space to achieve maximum efficiency and autonomy. This paper aims to investigate the energy efficiency potentials in the industrial production processes with a case study of a large commercial greenhouse grower in Denmark. The discrete event simulation software- Arena is used in this study for performing the simulations of the greenhouse production. The simulation results in the total yearly electricity consumption of 1,970.83 MWh. This paper finds that there is not big energy efficiency potential in the greenhouse production process without response to the hourly electricity price signals, and the results indicate a bottleneck at the transportation from the arrival and cutting station.

ACS Style

Zheng Ma; Jonas Korsgaard; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Optimization of Greenhouse Production Process: An Investigation of Energy Efficiency Potentials. 2019 6th International Conference on Dependable Systems and Their Applications (DSA) 2020, 365 -370.

AMA Style

Zheng Ma, Jonas Korsgaard, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Optimization of Greenhouse Production Process: An Investigation of Energy Efficiency Potentials. 2019 6th International Conference on Dependable Systems and Their Applications (DSA). 2020; ():365-370.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zheng Ma; Jonas Korsgaard; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. 2020. "Optimization of Greenhouse Production Process: An Investigation of Energy Efficiency Potentials." 2019 6th International Conference on Dependable Systems and Their Applications (DSA) , no. : 365-370.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2020 in 2020 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII)
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Successful implementation of the Danish smart grid strategy requires Danish households to actively participate in balancing the electricity grid by adjusting their electricity consumption to the fluctuating production from wind power. However, the spontaneous nature of households’ energy consumption behavior and their lack of knowledge regarding the overall picture of the energy system might prevent them from adopting the necessary smart energy solutions. Therefore, this paper investigates households’ adoption behaviors under the hourly electricity price scheme and analyses the consequence to the electricity grid using multi-agent based simulation. The results show that there is no significant incentive for households to change their behavior to respond to the hourly electricity price scheme with the current tariffs in Denmark. Furthermore, the study shows that automatic energy management systems are needed for households to predict and plan their consumption to respond to the hourly electricity price signals, and that distribution system operators can consider to use an overload tariff to avoid the congestion in the distribution grid, especially with the introduction of more electric vehicles.

ACS Style

Zheng Ma; Magnus Værbak; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Multi-agent Simulation of Households’ Behaviors Towards Hourly Electricity Price Scheme in Denmark. 2020 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII) 2020, 1081 -1087.

AMA Style

Zheng Ma, Magnus Værbak, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Multi-agent Simulation of Households’ Behaviors Towards Hourly Electricity Price Scheme in Denmark. 2020 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII). 2020; ():1081-1087.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zheng Ma; Magnus Værbak; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. 2020. "Multi-agent Simulation of Households’ Behaviors Towards Hourly Electricity Price Scheme in Denmark." 2020 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII) , no. : 1081-1087.

Journal article
Published: 06 December 2019 in Energy Policy
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European energy policies call for an increased share of renewable energy sources and a more active role of the energy consumer. This is facilitated by, amongst others, buildings becoming energy flexible hubs, supporting smart energy grids with demand response strategies. While there is abundant technical research in this field, the related business and policy development is less well documented. This research scopes existing policy programmes and identifies opportunities and barriers to business development supporting energy flexible buildings. Using examples from seven European countries, this work reviews influencing niche management factors such as existing policy instruments, business development cases and identified stakeholder concerns, using literature research, narrative analysis and stakeholder research. National policy pathways show many differences but confirm that European buildings might become active players in the energy market, by providing energy storage, demand response and/or shifts in the use of energy sources. Slow sustained business development for energy flexibility services was mainly identified in the retail industry, and for energy service companies and aggregators. The direct involvement of end users in energy flexible buildings is still difficult. Stakeholders call for policy improvement, especially concerning the development of flexible energy tariffs, supporting incentives, awareness raising and more stakeholder-targeted business development.

ACS Style

Erwin Mlecnik; James Parker; Zheng Ma; Cristina Corchero; Armin Knotzer; Roberta Pernetti. Policy challenges for the development of energy flexibility services. Energy Policy 2019, 137, 111147 .

AMA Style

Erwin Mlecnik, James Parker, Zheng Ma, Cristina Corchero, Armin Knotzer, Roberta Pernetti. Policy challenges for the development of energy flexibility services. Energy Policy. 2019; 137 ():111147.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erwin Mlecnik; James Parker; Zheng Ma; Cristina Corchero; Armin Knotzer; Roberta Pernetti. 2019. "Policy challenges for the development of energy flexibility services." Energy Policy 137, no. : 111147.

Journal article
Published: 21 November 2019 in Energy Informatics
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Business ecosystem is popularly used to investigate a complex social system with the business perspective, and particularly contributes to the understanding of actors and their relations in the innovation research. However, the aspect of business ecosystem modeling is limited discussed in the literature, although the importance has emerged significantly in recent years due to the emphasis on cross-disciplinary research and digitalization with artificial intelligence. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework for business ecosystem modeling with the discussion of system engineering and ecological modeling. The domain of smart grid is selected to demonstrate how system engineering, especially standards and ontologies contribute to the business ecosystem modeling. The proposed framework of the business ecosystem modeling includes three parts and nine stages that combines theories from system engineering, ecology, and business ecosystem. Part I-Business ecosystem architecture development includes four stages which aims to identify a target business ecosystem and its elements (actors, roles, and interactions). Part II-Factor analysis includes two stages to identify potential changes (and the dimensions of the changes) in the ecosystem. Part III- Ecosystem simulation and reconfiguration aims to use simulations to investigate the transition of an ecosystem and the re-configurated ecosystem. The framework not only provides a systematic approach for modeling a business ecosystem but also provides a methodological foundation for research on the aspect of complex systems in the business ecosystem field.

ACS Style

Zheng Ma. Business ecosystem modeling- the hybrid of system modeling and ecological modeling: an application of the smart grid. Energy Informatics 2019, 2, 1 -24.

AMA Style

Zheng Ma. Business ecosystem modeling- the hybrid of system modeling and ecological modeling: an application of the smart grid. Energy Informatics. 2019; 2 (1):1-24.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zheng Ma. 2019. "Business ecosystem modeling- the hybrid of system modeling and ecological modeling: an application of the smart grid." Energy Informatics 2, no. 1: 1-24.

Conference paper
Published: 01 November 2019 in 2019 IEEE Sciences and Humanities International Research Conference (SHIRCON)
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Agent-based simulation of the decision-making process for adoption of smart energy solutions can provide evidence for smart energy solutions' providers to decide for a business strategy which results in the best adoption rate. The adoption rate of smart energy solutions is important in achieving climate goals, such as the Danish goal to have 100% renewable electricity production by 2030. This paper shows how agent-based simulation can be used to investigate the decision-making process for adoption of smart energy solutions. The study investigates a case about Danish commercial greenhouse growers' adoption of a demand response program. The simulation outputs an adoption curve and grower information. The results provide the maximum monetary cost for achieving an adoption rate of 50% in 5 years.

ACS Style

Kristoffer Christensen; Zheng Ma; Magnus Værbak; Yves Demazeau; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Agent-based Decision Making for Adoption of Smart Energy Solutions. 2019 IEEE Sciences and Humanities International Research Conference (SHIRCON) 2019, 1 -4.

AMA Style

Kristoffer Christensen, Zheng Ma, Magnus Værbak, Yves Demazeau, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Agent-based Decision Making for Adoption of Smart Energy Solutions. 2019 IEEE Sciences and Humanities International Research Conference (SHIRCON). 2019; ():1-4.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kristoffer Christensen; Zheng Ma; Magnus Værbak; Yves Demazeau; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. 2019. "Agent-based Decision Making for Adoption of Smart Energy Solutions." 2019 IEEE Sciences and Humanities International Research Conference (SHIRCON) , no. : 1-4.

Conference paper
Published: 01 November 2019 in 2019 IEEE Sciences and Humanities International Research Conference (SHIRCON)
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The state-of-the-art investigation is important in new product development. It can avoid wasting time and effort on developing solutions that has already been patented or introduced in the market. However, there is lack of a systematic approach for the state-of-the-art investigation. This paper introduces an ecosystem-driven approach for the state-of-the-art investigation. With the example of social workers' back pain, this paper demonstrates a three-step process of the state-of-the-art investigation (Step 1- ecosystem mapping, Step 2- patent and literature review, and Step 3- gap analysis). Each step includes several activities and produces outcomes for the next step. The contribution of this ecosystem-driven approach is a state-of-the-art investigation that helps innovators to identify gaps where state-of-the-art fails to meet unmet market needs.

ACS Style

Zheng Ma; Henrik Frank; Henrik Lange; Christian Arentsen; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Ecosystem-Driven State-of-the-Art Investigation for Social Workers' Back Pain. 2019 IEEE Sciences and Humanities International Research Conference (SHIRCON) 2019, 1 -4.

AMA Style

Zheng Ma, Henrik Frank, Henrik Lange, Christian Arentsen, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Ecosystem-Driven State-of-the-Art Investigation for Social Workers' Back Pain. 2019 IEEE Sciences and Humanities International Research Conference (SHIRCON). 2019; ():1-4.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zheng Ma; Henrik Frank; Henrik Lange; Christian Arentsen; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. 2019. "Ecosystem-Driven State-of-the-Art Investigation for Social Workers' Back Pain." 2019 IEEE Sciences and Humanities International Research Conference (SHIRCON) , no. : 1-4.

Conference paper
Published: 01 November 2019 in 2019 IEEE Sciences and Humanities International Research Conference (SHIRCON)
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As wind and solar power displace conventional generation in the electricity grid, there is an urgent need for technologies that can deal with the variation in supply. Demand response technology has been proposed as a solution to make the demand-side flexible and able to effectively adjust to variations in supply. However, consumers do not simply invest in demand response technologies without insurance that their investment will pay back. This paper applies agent-based simulation to investigate consumer adoption behaviour of implicit demand response solutions that allow consumers to adjust their electricity use to the hourly prices in day-ahead spot markets. The simulation uses the case study of a water supply system to show that the adoption speed of implicit demand response technology depends on both technical characteristics of the system and the business model of the implicit demand response solution provider. Hence, this paper contributes with insight on how agent-based simulation can help technology providers to design solutions which match the needs of system operators.

ACS Style

Magnus Værbak; Zheng Ma; Kristoffer Christensen; Yves Demazeau; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Agent-Based Modelling of Demand-Side Flexibility Adoption in Reservoir Pumping. 2019 IEEE Sciences and Humanities International Research Conference (SHIRCON) 2019, 1 -4.

AMA Style

Magnus Værbak, Zheng Ma, Kristoffer Christensen, Yves Demazeau, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Agent-Based Modelling of Demand-Side Flexibility Adoption in Reservoir Pumping. 2019 IEEE Sciences and Humanities International Research Conference (SHIRCON). 2019; ():1-4.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magnus Værbak; Zheng Ma; Kristoffer Christensen; Yves Demazeau; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. 2019. "Agent-Based Modelling of Demand-Side Flexibility Adoption in Reservoir Pumping." 2019 IEEE Sciences and Humanities International Research Conference (SHIRCON) , no. : 1-4.

Conference paper
Published: 01 September 2019 in 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America)
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This paper proposes an approach to investigate building typologies on a selected campus to propose a location-based energy efficiency and flexibility strategy for campuses to provide energy flexibility without compromising educational activities. To do so, this paper selects four different typologies and conduct an analysis on energy consumption patterns based on energy data provided by submeters located throughout the campus. Quantitative and qualitative methods in form of interviews and surveys were used to understand the consumption patterns in each selected type of buildings. Furthermore, the potential flexibilities have been evaluated based on the interview results and electricity market data. This paper defines the buildings intelligence level based on the EU standards EN15232. The proposed strategy is based on both the intelligence level and the importance level of different building typology. The results show that laboratories have the highest importance level with no flexibility at all. All other building typologies have flexibility in some amount where the canteen is found to have the most possibility for energy savings. This paper also finds that the chosen classrooms in a newly built building have the highest intelligence level, the classrooms in older buildings have the lowest intelligent level, and the rest of the building typologies have the same level of intelligence and have potentials improving the energy efficiency.

ACS Style

Kristoffer Christensen; Zheng Ma; Jonas Korsgaard; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Location-based energy efficiency and flexibility strategies for smart campuses : Consideration of different levels of building intelligence and typologies. 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America) 2019, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Kristoffer Christensen, Zheng Ma, Jonas Korsgaard, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Location-based energy efficiency and flexibility strategies for smart campuses : Consideration of different levels of building intelligence and typologies. 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America). 2019; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kristoffer Christensen; Zheng Ma; Jonas Korsgaard; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. 2019. "Location-based energy efficiency and flexibility strategies for smart campuses : Consideration of different levels of building intelligence and typologies." 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America) , no. : 1-6.

Conference paper
Published: 01 September 2019 in 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT-Europe)
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Universities are large energy consumers and can potentially benefit from the participation in the implicit demand response. However, universities usually concern the security of the energy budget and might have larger electricity bill if realtime prices are frequently higher than fixed prices. Therefore, this study investigates financial benefits and risks for a selected university to participate in the implicit DR programs with two scenarios: 1) purchasing electricity from the Nord Pool Spot market directly, and 2) participating in the up-regulating market via an aggregator. With the investigation of the yearly hourly-based electricity consumption, the Nord Pool Spot market prices and several interviews, the results show that the financial benefit by purchasing electricity from the Nord Pool Spot market directly instead of a fixed price is not significant if the fixed electricity prices negotiated with the electricity retailers are low. The universities can have significant revenue by participating in the up-regulating market if the flexibility capacity increases dramatically.

ACS Style

Zheng Ma; Lewe Friedrichsen; Mie Thomsen; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Universities' Implicit Demand Response Participation. 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT-Europe) 2019, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Zheng Ma, Lewe Friedrichsen, Mie Thomsen, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Universities' Implicit Demand Response Participation. 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT-Europe). 2019; ():1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zheng Ma; Lewe Friedrichsen; Mie Thomsen; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. 2019. "Universities' Implicit Demand Response Participation." 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT-Europe) , no. : 1-5.

Journal article
Published: 22 August 2019 in Energy Informatics
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Retail stores can participate in demand response programs with the possibility of load shifting and building automation systems. Demand response activities in retail stores are influenced by various factors, such as business operations, company goals and policies, etc. Meanwhile, the demand response participation can potentially disrupt occupants’ (e.g. customers and employees) lifestyles, thermal comfort and health as well as potentially increase cost or energy consumption. Therefore, stakeholders’ acceptance and behaviors are crucial to the retail stores’ success of demand participation. Therefore, this paper conducted a questionnaire with retail stores to investigate retail stores’ preferences of demand response programs and stakeholders’ engagement. The questionnaire is designed and collected with energy/store managers (who are responsible for energy in stores) in Denmark (N = 51) and the Philippines (N = 36). The result shows that: 1) retail stores are more willing to participate in the implicit demand response by manual energy control compared to the utility control or building automation. Meanwhile, retail stores have significant concerns about business activities and indoor lighting compared to other aspects; 2) the statistically significant influential factors for retail stores to participate in the demand response are related to whether demand response participation matches company goals, influences business operation, and whether retail stores are lack of related knowledge; 3) retail stores believe that employees and customers should be informed about the demand response activities but not involved in; 4) there are significant differences regarding energy control preferences and concerns between retail stores in Denmark and the Philippines, but no significant difference regarding employees’ and customers’ engagement.

ACS Style

Zheng Ma; Kati Kuusinen; Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard. A survey of demand response adoption in retail stores DR control preferences, stakeholder engagement, and cross-national differences. Energy Informatics 2019, 2, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Zheng Ma, Kati Kuusinen, Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard. A survey of demand response adoption in retail stores DR control preferences, stakeholder engagement, and cross-national differences. Energy Informatics. 2019; 2 (1):1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zheng Ma; Kati Kuusinen; Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard. 2019. "A survey of demand response adoption in retail stores DR control preferences, stakeholder engagement, and cross-national differences." Energy Informatics 2, no. 1: 1-20.

Review
Published: 20 August 2019 in Energies
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Multi-agent systems are well-known for their expressiveness to explore interactions and knowledge representation in complex systems. Multi-agent systems have been applied in the energy domain since the 1990s. As more applications of multi-agent systems in the energy domain for advanced functions, the interoperability raises challenge raises to an increasing requirement for data and information exchange between systems. Therefore, the application of ontology in multi-agent systems needs to be emphasized and a systematic approach for the application needs to be developed. This study aims to investigate literature on the application of ontology in multi-agent systems within the energy domain and map the key concepts underpinning these research areas. A scoping review of the existing literature on ontology for multi-agent systems in the energy domain is conducted. This paper presents an overview of the application of multi-agent systems (MAS) and ontologies in the energy domain with five aspects of the definition of agent and MAS; MAS applied in the energy domain, defined ontologies in the energy domain, MAS design methodology, and architectures, and the application of ontology in the MAS development. Furthermore, this paper provides a recommendation list for the ontology-driven multi-agent system development with the aspects of 1) ontology development process in MAS design, 2) detail design process and realization of ontology-driven MAS development, 3) open standard implementation and adoption, 4) inter-domain MAS development, and 5) agent listing approach.

ACS Style

Zheng Ma; Mette Jessen Schultz; Kristoffer Christensen; Magnus Værbak; Yves Demazeau; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. The Application of Ontologies in Multi-Agent Systems in the Energy Sector: A Scoping Review. Energies 2019, 12, 3200 .

AMA Style

Zheng Ma, Mette Jessen Schultz, Kristoffer Christensen, Magnus Værbak, Yves Demazeau, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. The Application of Ontologies in Multi-Agent Systems in the Energy Sector: A Scoping Review. Energies. 2019; 12 (16):3200.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zheng Ma; Mette Jessen Schultz; Kristoffer Christensen; Magnus Værbak; Yves Demazeau; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. 2019. "The Application of Ontologies in Multi-Agent Systems in the Energy Sector: A Scoping Review." Energies 12, no. 16: 3200.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2019 in 2019 1st Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM)
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Microgrids are considered as a potential solution for areas in a power system which are experiencing challenges with providing reliable power supply. The challenges for designing and implementing microgrids are both technical and market-oriented. The technical and market designs for microgrids need to consider local conditions. To address this challenge this paper applies the methodology of ecosystem thinking and CSTEP factor analysis to systematically investigate stakeholders, value flows, current challenges and future trends in a selected national power system. A microgrid solution which provides demand response service to the main power grid is identified for solving the challenge of increasing power demand in the urban areas of India. The co-innovation risk analysis and adoption chain risk analysis are conducted to investigate the success rate of the identified microgrid solution. Simulations with Homer Pro demonstrate that the identified solution can improve the value of existing microgrids in the Indian market and can help solve the needs in India related to the power supply reliability.

ACS Style

Zheng Ma; Maria Broe; Annika Fischer; Tobias Borg Sorensen; Mike Volund Frederiksen; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Ecosystem Thinking: Creating Microgrid Solutions for Reliable Power Supply in India's Power System. 2019 1st Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM) 2019, 392 -397.

AMA Style

Zheng Ma, Maria Broe, Annika Fischer, Tobias Borg Sorensen, Mike Volund Frederiksen, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Ecosystem Thinking: Creating Microgrid Solutions for Reliable Power Supply in India's Power System. 2019 1st Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM). 2019; ():392-397.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zheng Ma; Maria Broe; Annika Fischer; Tobias Borg Sorensen; Mike Volund Frederiksen; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. 2019. "Ecosystem Thinking: Creating Microgrid Solutions for Reliable Power Supply in India's Power System." 2019 1st Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM) , no. : 392-397.

Conference paper
Published: 01 December 2018 in 2018 8th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES)
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Hospitals usually operate 24/7 and consume a large amount of electricity to provide service and deploy critical machines that require reliable electricity. To maintain the energy reliability, hospitals usually equip diesel electricity generators, which are expensive and produce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, there are potentials for hospitals to improve energy efficiency and provide energy flexibility to the electricity grid. However, due to specific functions of hospital buildings, the general concept of bright green buildings does not fit hospital buildings. Therefore, this paper aims to define and discussion the concept of bright green hospitals. A case study of two hospitals in the Philippines is selected to investigate energy management practices and installed intelligent technologies in hospitals. The “bright green hospitals” improve occupants' comfort, reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, and keep energy reliability with intelligent technologies. Meanwhile, stakeholders' involvement takes an important role in the bright green buildings. This paper also finds that political, economic, social and technological factors affect the energy management in hospitals.

ACS Style

Joy Dalmacio Billanes; Zheng Ma; Bo Norregaard Jorgensen. The Bright Green Hospitals Case Studies of Hospitals' Energy Efficiency And Flexibility in Philippines. 2018 8th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES) 2018, 190 -195.

AMA Style

Joy Dalmacio Billanes, Zheng Ma, Bo Norregaard Jorgensen. The Bright Green Hospitals Case Studies of Hospitals' Energy Efficiency And Flexibility in Philippines. 2018 8th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES). 2018; ():190-195.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joy Dalmacio Billanes; Zheng Ma; Bo Norregaard Jorgensen. 2018. "The Bright Green Hospitals Case Studies of Hospitals' Energy Efficiency And Flexibility in Philippines." 2018 8th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES) , no. : 190-195.