The Nile soft-shelled turtle, Trionyx triunguis is known from the riverine and coastal environments of eastern Mediterranean countries (Turkey, Syria, Lebanon and Israel) and most of Africa, except for the waterways of the southern, north-western, and northern part of the continent. Trionyx triunguis is a mainly freshwater species adapted to moderately deep to shallow streams, rivers, estuarine systems and lakes with sandy muddy bottoms. The data on the presence of this species from the marine environment are rather recent and considerably scattered. Here, we present seven marine records of T. triunguis obtained from scientific and commercial fisheries operations, coastal bone remainders and the observations of a SCUBA diver. The records were collected from eastern and western parts of the Turkish Mediterranean coasts at depths from 5 to 55 metres. A specimen with 108.4 cm straight carapace length (SCL) caught at ~55 m depth with a bottom trawl in Iskenderun Bay is likely to be the biggest recorded to date. Furthermore, behavioural observations and an underwater photograph were given for another specimen observed by a SCUBA diver at 15 m depth. The results may suggest that the Nile soft-shells are well adapted to the marine environment.

In this research, a preliminary study was carried out in January and February 2014 to determine the fecundity of the whiting species in Tirebolu, Eastern Black Sea. After the total length (cm) and weight (0.01 g) of the 70 fish specimens were measured in the laboratory, they were dissected for sex determination. Using the 20 ovaries at the third and fourth maturation stages, 3 sub-samples which is 2-5% of the total ovary weight (from the anterior, median and posterior parts of the ovary) were taken from each ovary to determine the fecundity, and hydrated oocytes were counted with gravimetric method. Total fecundity, total oocytes number in the ovary were computed with the formula F=(n×G)/g. The total length-weight values were 12.6-23.3 cm (mean 17.08±2.12) and 15.59-95.72 g (mean 41.07 ± 16.75), respectively, and total length-weight relationship was computed as W=0.0073L3.024 (R2=0.94) for the 70 fishes evaluated. Fecundity was computed as 3.247-30.534 (mean: 10.139±6.953) eggs and a linear relationship between fecundity and total length was calculated as F=0.0186L4.5631 (R2=0.70). In conclusion, the fecundity results of this prelaminar study were compared with similar studies on the whiting species from Black Sea and other seas.

The reproductive characteristics of the Short-snouted Seahorse, Hippocampus hippocampus, was studied in the eastern Black Sea shore over a one-year period. Average standard length was 10.38 cm (6.15–13.3 cm) and weight 1.88 g (0.68–3.02 g). Males were slightly more common than females (females: 48%), but the difference was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). This was highest in autumn and lowest in winter, while there were no differences between the sexes (p>0.05). A sequential spiral of developing oocytes was observed from the earliest stage in the germinal ridge to the mature edge with the largest oocyte. Mature oocytes were found in histological sections during the summer season and the results obtained from gonadosomatic index values confirmed that the summer season is the breeding period of H. hippocampus at the eastern Black Sea shore of Turkey.

Conventional taxonomic treatment has resulted in uncertainty as to the taxonomic status of the two subspecies Bufo bufo spino sus and B. b. verrucosissimus in Turkey. Blood‐serum proteins of the B. bufo specimens from Manyas and Çamhhemşin were com pared qualitatively and quantitatively by polyacrylamide‐disc elec‐trophoresis and densitometry. The Authors found no significant differences between the blood‐serum proteins of the two popula tions examined, and therefore recommend that B. b. verrucosis simus be synonymized with B. b. spinosus.

Sardina pilchardus is a multiple spawning fish, i.e., the species that spawns periodically during the spawning period. In order to examine the reproduction biology of the species, the specimens were obtained in the known spawning period indicated by the current literature obtained from fishers who were commercially fishing in December 2018 and January-February 2019. After the fork length and total length together with their weight measurements, the specimens were dissected in the laboratory. The adult females‘ gonads were then fixed in 4% formalin solution for fecundity. A total of 170 individuals was examined and the values of their fork length, total length and weight were computed as 9.7-13.4 cm (mean: 11.16±0.81), 10.5-15 cm (mean: 12.3±0.89), 8.06-23.7 g (mean: 12.7±2.93), respectively. 44 of the supplied specimens were male (25.9%), 122 female (71.8%) and 4 (2.3%) uncertain, thus, the female: male ratio was determined as 2.77:1. According to χ2 test results, a statistically significant difference was observed among individuals. For the specimens examined, the fork length-weight relationship was calculated as W = 0.0098FL2.96, while total length-weight relationship was W = 0.0071TL2.97. In order to calculate the fecundity, sub-samples were taken from the anterior, median and posterior parts of 15 ovaries in the ration of 2 - 5% of the ovary weight and the mature oocytes were counted. As a result, the species‘ fecundity was found to be between 4,600-9,800 (6,110±1,755). The relationship between total length and fecundity was computed as W= 1,640.7 TL-13,907 and a linear relationship was determined.