This study systematically examined dredged materials from various aspects, including their sources, the volume generated annually, beneficial uses, and the management processes currently practiced. In addition, this paper presents the relevant policies governing the dredging, reuse, and disposal of dredged materials in the United States. A summary of various sources, types/classifications, and the physical and chemical properties of dredged materials used by various researchers are presented. This paper also summarizes the innovative techniques for the beneficial reuse of dredged materials in a wide range of applications in concrete materials, construction products, roadway construction, habitat building, landfill liner/cap, agriculture soil reconstruction, and beach nourishment. Further, limitations and corresponding solutions related to the beneficial use and management of dredged materials were provided in the end.

A combined laboratory and field study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of gradation on resilient modulus (M _R) and falling weight deflectometre (FWD) modulus (M _FWD) as measures of stability and coefficient of permeability (k) as an indicator of drainability of aggregate bases. Aggregates from three different sources in Oklahoma and three gradations consisting of M-AASHTO #57, ODOT Type A and OKAA Type M were used. M _R and k tests on compacted aggregate specimens were conducted in the laboratory. Also, a 152.4-m long test section was constructed with the aforementioned gradations and FWD and in-situ falling head permeability tests were conducted periodically. Results showed that denser gradations resulted in higher M _R and M _FWD and lower k values, both in the laboratory and in the field. M _FWD and field k values were found to increase and decrease, respectively, with time, possibly due to traffic-induced compaction. Regression models were developed to estimate M _R and k in terms of gradation and source properties of aggregates.

A comparative laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the durability of three different subgrade soils stabilized with hydrated lime, class C fly ash (CFA), and cement kiln dust (CKD). Cylindrical specimens were compacted at optimum moisture content (OMC) and cured for 7 days in a moist room having a constant temperature and controlled humidity. Selected specimens were also compacted at a higher molding moisture content of OMC+4%. After curing, the specimens were subjected to different freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles and tested for unconfined compressive strength (UCS) or resilient modulus (Mr). The UCS and Mr values after F-T cycling were compared with those of the raw soil specimens to determine the influence of soil and additive type on durability. The UCS and Mr values revealed that the addition of cementitious additive increased the durability of stabilized specimens against F-T cycles. The extent of improvement in durability, however, was dependent on the characteristics of both soil and additive and number of F-T cycles.

A comparative laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the durability of two different subgrade soils stabilized with hydrated lime, class C fly ash (CFA) and cement kiln dust (CKD). Cylindrical specimens were compacted at optimum moisture content (OMC) and cured for seven days in a moist room having a constant temperature and controlled humidity. After curing, the specimens were subjected to different wet-dry (W-D) cycles and tested for unconfined compressive strength (UCS) or resilient modulus (M_r). The UCS and M_r values after W-D cycling were compared with those of the raw soil specimens to determine the influence of soil and additive type on durability. The UCS and M_r values revealed that the addition of cementitious additive increased the durability of stabilized specimens against W-D cycles. The extent of improvement in durability, however, was dependent on the characteristics of both soil and additive and number of W-D cycles.

A laboratory study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of three cementitious additives on the indirect tensile and fatigue behavior of two subgrade soils. Hydrated lime (or lime), class C fly ash (CFA), and cement kiln dust (CKD) were used as additives. Cylindrical specimens were prepared, cured for 28 days, and subjected to different stress sequences in indirect tension to study the resilient modulus. Moreover, stabilized beam specimens were subjected to repeated cycles of reloading-unloading after 28 days of curing in a four-point beam fatigue apparatus for evaluating fatigue life and flexural stiffness. These properties were compared with those of the control soil specimens in order to determine the extent of enhancement. Results indicate that all three additives improved the indirect tensile and fatigue properties; however, the degree of improvement varied with the type of additive and soil. The properties evaluated under indirect tension mode projected 10 percent CKD with highest improve...