Textile dyeing effluent is considered as one of the most environmentally unfriendly industrial processes. The study aimed to review the different types of textile dyes use in the industrial processes and their contribution to environmental pollution in South Asian countries. The article was prepared to compile all present data from different journals and website on textile dyeing effluents characterization in South Asia. A wide variety of synthetic dyes like azo dye, vat, reactive dye, disperse dye, etc. widely used in the textile sector. The result showed that some physicochemical parameters of the dyeing effluents (COD, TDS and BOD) exceeded their standard limits. The industrial effluents are affecting the main devastation to the aquaculture, agriculture, ecology, environment, and public health since the development of textile dyeing industries in these countries. Now a day, its proper supervision and curative measures like removal system have become the furthermost thoughtful tasks all over the world and the developing and transition economies countries in particular. It is imperative to take immediate steps to reduce the environmental pollution due to discharge the untreated textile dye effluents. J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 11(1-2): 131-144 2018

Thermophysiological comfort is a crucial aspect of human life, contributing to health and work performance. The current paper aims to enhance the understanding of current research, progress, and remaining challenges regarding clothing thermophysiological comfort from a textile science perspective. It provides a comprehensive review of several facets of clothing thermophysiological comfort, focusing on the history of thermophysiological comfort prediction models, heat and moisture transfer mechanisms in the skin–clothing–environment system, controlling factors of thermophysiological comfort, textile materials for superior thermophysiological comfort, and thermal comfort assessment techniques. The paper shows that previously developed thermophysiological comfort models were mainly based on the human thermoregulation process. However, the effect of the air gap size between the human skin and the cloth layer, i.e., the microclimate, on the heat and moisture transfer in the skin–clothing–environment system has been largely overlooked. In addition, thermophysiological comfort models of skin–clothing–environment systems generally only considered dry thermal resistance and evaporative resistance, yet many other fabric properties have effects on human thermophysiological comfort. Potential future directions are identified to fill some of the current gaps. A conceptual model of clothing comfort to contribute to a better understanding of thermophysiological comfort is also proposed.

Tactile rendering attempts to replicate touch stimuli with the aid of haptic devices so that the perception of a material can be stored and transmitted to a remote user. Haptic devices have potential implications on prosthetics, rehabilitation, telemedicine, and virtual reality. Research on haptic interfaces and novel approaches to rendering tactile feedback in virtual and immersive environments has grown recently. We conducted a comprehensive analysis to obtain information on tactile rendering, in general, from scholarly works published between 2009 and 2019. We present a consolidated report on the current techniques on tactile rendering of textile materials. Existing research on tactile rendering focused on three significant areas: surface feature extraction, virtual texture simulation, and assessment by a human observer. We found that in the majority of the cases, the tactile interface system uses a mechatronics framework, where one or more electromechanical transducers converted tiny electrical signals into mechanical forces to generate the necessary haptic stimuli. Furthermore, the paper discusses the prevailing critical challenges in tactile rendering and the directions for future research.

Pre-post Bleaching Behaviors of Cotton Knits Using Reductive and Oxidative bleaches

The study examined moisture management behavior of plain, twill and satin weaves for 100% cotton. The intention was to bridge the gap in previous literature examined for the reported study. Increase in health consciousness and fitness have increased demand for considering moisture management research as we design apparel in the last twenty years. Consumer has begun to value these attributes due to enhanced expectations of the textile and apparel consumers. Standardized tests from ASTM and AATCC were performed to collect data. Date were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and t-test analysis. Confidence level of 95% was established to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that three weaves differed for their wicking behavior, moisture transfer and water repellency significantly. The findings could be explained based on several structural attributes. Some findings were consistent with the existing literature and others were incongruent. Extension of work for future potential and viability are discussed.