Dermatoses are essentially caused by infection or free radical aggression, immunoallergic disorders, or can be secondary to general diseases. Management of dermatoses by modern medicine is complex and costly, and the development of alternative treatments is urgent. Opilia amentacea Roxb. is a woody climber plant traditionally used in Burkina Faso for treatment of bad skin diseases. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of extracts of O. amentacea and to characterize potent fractions. The antimicrobial activity was determined using the disc diffusion and microdilution methods, while antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The content of the plant extracts in polyphenols and flavonoids was also studied. The results revealed several secondary metabolites in the leaves, stems and root bark extracts of the plant, including sterols, triterpenes, and flavonoids and tannins, and a generally high total polyphenol and total flavonoid content. Dichloromethane fractions of leaves (FDFe) and stem barks (FDET) exhibited the best antioxidant activity and were the most active on Gram-positive bacilli. Hexane leaves (FHFe) and hexane root bark (FHER) fractions exhibited the best antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis. High correlation (R² = 0.932) was found between the total flavonoid content of extracts and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. In view of these results, the present study describes O. amentacea as a potential source of antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant agents and justifies the traditional uses of the plant as an anti-dermatosis plant.

Background and Aim: The use of pesticides in vegetable production can cause public health problems because these agrochemicals can leave residues in foodstuffs and disrupt the appropriate functioning of the organism. The aim of this study was to assess the level of contamination of lettuce and tomato by pesticide residues. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from February 12 to May 3, 2021, in concerned five market gardening sites in the city of Ouagadougou. A survey was conducted among 58 market gardeners selected at random from the sites of Boulmiougou, Tanghin No. 1 and 2, Bissigin, and the National School of Public Health. Simultaneously, 25 lettuce samples and 25 tomato samples were collected in a randomized manner for the examination and determination of pesticide residues using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method. Results: The market gardening population was predominantly represented by women who had a low level of education. The cultivated species were a mixture of exotic cultures and traditional cultures. These crops were treated with various pesticides, the most common of which belonged to the organochlorine family. The tomato was the crop most contaminated by pesticide residues. However, no active ingredient from the synthetic pyrethroid family was found on lettuce or tomato. Conclusion: Raising the awareness of market gardeners on good practices in the use of pesticides and on alternative methods to synthetic phytosanitary products is of paramount importance for the health of consumers.

Dermatoses are essentially due to infectious or free radical aggression, immunoallergic disor-ders, or can be secondary to general diseases. To investigate new antimicrobial sources against dermatoses, Opilia amentacea crude ethanol extracts and fractions were subjected to phytochemical screening and tested for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities on Gram-positive cocci, Gram negative bacilli and fungi. Phytochemical screening revealed secondary metabolites such as sterols, triterpenes, flavonoids and tannins. Leaves and stem bark of Opilia amentacea exhibited the highest total phenolic contain (65,92 ± 0,93 and 65,71 ± 0,57 mg GAE/g DW respectivily) and flavonoids (38,8 ± 1,05 and 26,81 ± 0,19mg QE/g DW respectively). Dichloromethane fractions of leaves (FDFe) and stem bark (FDET) exhibited the best antioxidant activity with FRAP values of 741,15 and 662,84 mMol AAE/g and IC50 values of ABTS of 88,40 and 36,85 µg/mL respectively. These fractions were also the most active on Gram positive bacilli while Hexane leaves (FHFe) and hexane root bark (FHER) fractions exhibited the best antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis at MIC values of 0.23 mg/mL and 0.43 mg/mL respectively. Gram-negative bacteria were particularly resistant. This study constitutes a solid scientific basis that could justify the traditional uses of Opilia amen-tacea as an antidermatosis plant.