Wearable contact lenses which can monitor physiological parameters have attracted substantial interests due to the capability of direct detection of biomarkers contained in body fluids. However, previously reported contact lens sensors can only monitor a single analyte at a time. Furthermore, such ocular contact lenses generally obstruct the field of vision of the subject. Here, we developed a multifunctional contact lens sensor that alleviates some of these limitations since it was developed on an actual ocular contact lens. It was also designed to monitor glucose within tears, as well as intraocular pressure using the resistance and capacitance of the electronic device. Furthermore, in-vivo and in-vitro tests using a live rabbit and bovine eyeball demonstrated its reliable operation. Our developed contact lens sensor can measure the glucose level in tear fluid and intraocular pressure simultaneously but yet independently based on different electrical responses.

Oscillations in Carbon Nanotube Conductivity: Theoretical studies have suggested that protons can be conducted rapidly in water trapped inside carbon nanotubes. C. Y. Lee et al. (p. 1320 ) connected two aqueous reservoirs with opened, single-walled carbon nanotubes, half a millimeter long but only 1.5 nanometers wide, and observed a high, stable proton current under electroosmotic conditions arising from a single nanotube. The addition of alkali cations caused random pore blocking and oscillations in ion current, resembling events seen in biological ion channels.

Integration of a smart contact lens and a heat patch realizes personal management of ocular surface diseases wirelessly.